BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 689 



ee. Paler, the pileum ash gray, back clear yellowish olive-green or a mixture 



of this color and gray, throat paler gray, becoming whit<^ on chin and 



upper throat. 



/. Smaller (wing averaging 119.5 in male. 111 .1 in female, tail 98.0 in male, 



90.3 in female) ; chest deeper yellowish olive; tail dusky grayish brown 



or blackish. (Lower Amazon Valley to southern and western Mexico; 



islands of Grenada, Tobago, and Trinidad.) 



Tyrannus melancholicus satrapa (p. 700) 



ff. Larger (wing averaging 12(j.8 in mal(>, 119.2 in female; tail 104.3 in male, 



94.6 in female); chest paler yellowish olive or olive-yellow, throat more 



purely white; tail paler grayish l^rown. (Northeastern Mexico and 



southern Texas.) Tyrannus melancholicus couchii (p. 705) 



hh. Tail but little more than three-fourths as long as wing, slightly emarginate; abdo- 

 men white or very pale yellow. 

 c. Exposed culmen much longer than middle toe with claw; width of bill at 

 nostrils equal to not more than half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; 

 tenth (outermost) primary shorter than fifth ; abdomen white. ( Melittarchus.) 

 d. Back and pileum gray; smaller (wing not more than 122, usually much less; 

 exposed culmen usually much less than 31; tarsus not more than 20). 

 ( Tyrannus doviinicensis.) 

 e. Smaller, with relatively smaller bill (adult male averaging wing 116.2, 

 tail 90.3, exposed culmen 26.1, tarsus 18.5; adult female, wing 113.2, 

 tail 85.2, exposed culmen 25.3, tarsus 18.7); gray of upper parts paler; 

 axillars and under wing-coverts more strongly yellowish. (Coast of 

 Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida, Bahamas, Greater Antilles, includ- 

 ing smaller islands of St. Johns, St. Thomas, St. Martin, and Anegada, and 

 more northern Lesser Antilles; Dutch West Indies; coast of mainland, 

 from Yucatan to Venezuela.). .Tyrannus dominicensis dominicensis (p. 706) 

 ee. Larger, with relatively larger bill (adult male averaging wing 118.1, tail 

 94.7, exposed culmen 29, tarsus 18.9; adult female, wing 114.3, tail 90, 

 exposed culmen 29, tarsus 19); gray of upper parts darker; axillars and 

 under wing-coverts more faintly yellowish. (More southern Lesser 



Antilles: Trinidad.) Tyrannus dominicensis vorax (p. 710) 



dd. Back grayish l)rown, j^ileum dark sooty brown <ir lilackish; larger (wing not 

 less than 123.5, usually much more; exposed culmen usually much more, 

 never less, than 31; tarsus 21 or more). (Cuba, including Lsle of Pines; 



more southern Bahama Islands.) Tyrannus cubensis (p. 711) 



cc. Exposed culmen only slightly longer than middle toe with claw; width of bill 

 at nostrils equal to more than half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; 

 tenth primary longer than fifth; abdomen pale yellow. (SemnarcMus.)"' 

 (Western Mexico.) Tyrannus crassirostris (p. 712) 



TYRANNUS TYRANNUS (Linnaeus). 

 KINGBIRD. 



Adult male. — Pileum and sides of head (except malar region) black 

 (slio;htly glossy), the crown with a large concealed patch of orange or 

 orange-red (varying from orpiment orange to scarlet), sometimes 

 intermixed with ^^ellow on margins, underlaid laterally and posteriorly 



o Type. Tyrannus crassirostris Swainson. {Se/nvoi, solemn; dpxo?, arulei*, chief, 



or leader.) 



11422— VOL 4—07 44 



