BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 777 



no Tail much shorter than wing (not longer than distance from bend to 

 end of secondaries); adult males with ninth (next to outermost) 

 primary much abbreviated, with attenuate or acuminate tip .« 



/. Tail"as"long as wing from bend to end of secondaries, rounded or 

 graduated; abbreviated ninth primary broad, abruptly attenu- 

 ate (sometimes falcate) and acute at tip; bill much smaller 

 (exposed culmen much shorter than tarsus). 

 i Smaller (wing less than 85 mm.); abbreviated ninth primary 

 with tip more sharply acuminate, sometimes emarginate, with 

 outer point subfalcate; bill relatively broader and flatter (much 



wider than deep at base) Pachyrhamphus (p. 825) 



a Larger (wing more than 85 mm.); ninth primary more obtusely 

 and broadly attenuate at tip, never emarginate nor subfalcate; 

 bill more cylindrical, its width at base not distinctly greater 



than its depth at same point Platypsaris (p. 846) 



hh Tail much shorter than wing from bend to end of secondaries, even; 

 abl^reviated ninth primary slender, gradually attenuated to tip; 

 bill much larger, the exposed culmen as long as tarsus. 

 i Lores and orbital region feathered; planta tarsi taxaspidean (a 

 single longitudinal series of large hexagonal scutella along each 

 side); bill much broader (width at base much greater than 

 depth at same point); gonys nearly twice as long as mandibu- 

 lar rami; tip of maxilla less strongly uncinate. . .Erator (p. 860) 

 a. Lores and orbital region naked; planta tarsi pycnaspidean 

 (covered with numerous small hexagonal scutella, not arranged 

 in rows or regular series); bill more compressed (width at nos- 

 trils little if any greater than depth at same point); gonys 

 scarcely longer than mandibular rami: tip of maxilla more 



strongly uncinate Tityra (p. 866) 



dd. Larger forms (wing 165-250 mm.). {Pyroderex.) 



e Pileum lores, and orbital region feathered; color above uniform black 

 or dusky (or else with at least pileum and hindneck red), the under 

 parts whollv black, whollv red, or black with red or purple throat. 

 /. Pileum not crested; color not wholly black (except m female and 

 young of Querula). 

 g. Under parts of body, together with whole head and neck, red: feathers 

 of pileum and hindneck narrow, distinctly dutlined. 



Haematoderus (extralimital)& 



an Under parts of body black or dusky. 



h Smaller (wing less than 200 mm.); adult male with a large wme- 

 colored patch on throat Querula (p. 874) 



^;"^(;:i;T,;^^hat"xmopsaris has not an exaspidean tarsus, and therefore can not be a 

 member of that family. The only explanation that I am able to suggest is that the 

 authors named may have had in hand specimens of some Tyranmne bird so closely 

 resemblin- Xenopsaris that an error of identification has been made, or else that their 

 understanding of the limits and characters of the two groups is different from my own. 



a Occasional fully adult males occur in which the ninth primary is entirely normal, 

 both as to size and form; therefore the limits of this group might well include A enop- 

 sam, so far as this character is concerned. 



hHxmatoderm Bonaparte, Ann. S<-i. Xat., ser. 4, Zool., i, 1854, Ihl. (Type, tora- 

 das militaris Latham.) Guiana and L.wer Amazon Valley; monotypic. 



