BIRDS OF XORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 779 



secondaries by at least length of exposed culmen; seventh and eighlh, 

 seventh, eighth and ninth, or sixth to ninth, primaries longest, with 

 tenth equal to fifth or sixth (or intermediate) in females; a:hilt males 

 with outermost primaries more or less attenuated, very variable 

 (according to the species) in relative length, but tenth usually longer 

 than sixth. Tail about two-thirds to three-fourths as long as wing, 

 even, slightly emarginate, rounded, or double rounded, the rectrices 

 rather broad, with roimdish tip. Tarsus longer than exposed culmen, 

 but usually shorter than commissure, its scutellation pycnaspidean; 

 middle toe, with claw, about equal to tarsus, its basal phalanx wholly 

 adherent to outer toe, about half united to inner toe; outer toe, wich- 

 out claw, reaching to about middle of su])terminal phalanx of middle 

 toe, the inner very little shorter; hallux slightly shorter than inner 

 toe, its basal pad (tylarus) moderately widened and flattened. 



Plumage and coloration. — Adult males: Contour feathers of upper 

 parts distinctly outlined (except in C. maynana), rather narrow, 

 especially on pileum, sometimes more or less pointed, those of the 

 under parts blended; color of upper parts rich purplish blue to bluish 

 green, the under parts partly rich purplish blue to bluish green and 

 partly purple, in variable relative extent; in one species the whole 

 contour plumage, except purple upper throat, ])lue with a purple bar 

 and white base to each feather. Adult females and young males: 

 Contour feathers, both above and below, broad and rounded, dis- 

 tinctly outlined; color of upper parts dark grayish brown or brown- 

 ish gray, the feathers margined terminally with whitish or buffy, the 

 under parts similar, but paler, usually with the pale margins much 

 broader, ]>roducing a conspicuously sqiuxmate effect. 



Nidifi cation. — (Unknown ? ) 



Range. — Southern Mexico to souiliern Brazil and eastern Ecuador. 

 (Seven species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF COTINGA. 



a. General color rich blue, the under parts with more or less of purple. (Adult males.) 

 h. Under parts of Ijody without any purple, the color being light bluish green inter- 

 mixed with black (the latter mostly concealed). (Guiana and Amazon Valley. ) 



Cotinga cayana. adult male (extralimital)a 

 hb. Under parts of body with more or less of purple. 

 c. Inner webs of remiges wholly dusky; breast wholly jjurple or with a patch of 

 purple; blue feathers of upper and under parts without concealed purjjU', 

 those of upper parts not white at base. 

 d. Wliole breast purple, the Idueof under parts of body rt'slricted to llaid<s and 

 under tail-coverts. 



o [Ampelis] cayana Linnseus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 298 (Brazil; Cayenne; based 

 on Cotinga cayanensis Brisson, Orn., ii, 344, pi. 24, fig. 3). — [Cotinga] cayana Bona- 

 parte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 175. — Cotinga cayana Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 256; 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiv, 1888, 385. — AYmpelis] cajana Hartlaub, Syst. Verz., 1844, 

 56 (Brazil). — Ampelii cayennensis D'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., Ois., 1839, 297 

 (Yuracares, P)t)livia). 



