826 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



the rectrices moderately broad, with rounded or siibaciiminate tip. 

 Tarsus nearly as large as commissure, its scutellation quasi-taxas- 

 pidean, though with inner side of planta tarsi sometimes nonscutel- 

 late; middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus, its basal 

 phalanx wholly adherent to outer and for at least half its length to 

 inner toe; hallux slightly shorter than inner toe but decidedly 

 stouter, its basal pad (tylarus) only slightly expanded and flattened. 



Plumage and coloration. — Contour feathers broad and blended, 

 those of the pileum, however, elongated and more or less distinctly 

 outlined, capable of erection into a bushy crest. Adult males usually 

 varied in color, the pileum (sometimes back also) glossy black, rest 

 of upper parts gray or mixed black and gray, with white wing-edgings, 

 the under parts gray or whitish; sometimes the upper parts (except 

 pileum) plain olive-green (with or without gray on hindneck), one 

 species with breast and under wing-coverts yellow; in one species 

 the under parts barred with blackish. Adult females and young 

 males (adult males also in one species) plain cinnamon-rufous above 

 (at least in part) paler or bufFy below. 



Nidirfi cation. — Nest (of P. polycliropterus cinereiventris) in trees, 

 bulky, with entrance near top, composed of grasses, plant-stems, etc. 

 Eggs (of same species) grayish, mottled or blotched with darker.'^ 



Range. — Northern Mexico to southeastern Brazil, northern Argen- 

 tina, and western Ecuador. (About twenty species and subspecies.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF PACHYRHAMPHUS. 



a. Back black or gray; under parts gray, gray and white, or l)lack, or if yellowish the 

 under surface barred and sides of head and neck yellowish. 

 b. Sides of head and neck black or gray; under parts not barred. 

 c. Tail 1)lack with Inroad white tips to lateral rectrices; back with more or less of 

 black, or else middle wing-coverts black at base and broadly tipped with 

 white. 

 d. Hindneck l)lack, like back; under parts slate-gray or darker. {Pacliyrham- 

 phus polycliropterus.) 

 e. Under parts slate-gray or plumbeous. 

 /. Slightly larger (wing averaging 75.5, tail 56.5). (Southern Brazil and 

 northern Argentina. ) 

 ^ Pachyrhamphus polychropterus polycliropterus, adult male (extralimital).^ 



o Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 508. 



b Piatyrhynchos polychropterus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxvii, 1818, 10 

 ("Nouvelle-Hollande;" coll. Paris Mus.). — Pachyrhamphus polychropterus Sclater, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 77; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiv, 1888, U5.— Pachyrham- 

 phus niger polychropterus Allen, Bull. Mus. N. H., ii, Dec, 1889, 238. — Z[etctcs] poly- 

 chropterus Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., ii, 1859, 87 (Rio Grande do Sul). — Platy- 

 rhynchus variegatus Spix, Av. Bras., ii, 1825, 31, pi. 43, fig. 2 (=young female). — 

 B[athmidurus] variegatus Cabanis, in Wiegmann's Archiv. fur Naturg., 1847, pt. i, 244. — 

 Musdpeta splendens Maximilian, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., iii, pt. ii, 1831, 900 (Brazil; 

 type now in coll. Am. Mus. N. H.). — Pachyrhynchus spixii Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 

 Jan. 1, 1838, 289 (Brazil ?). — Ps[ar%s'\ marginatus tristis Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1851, 48 (no locality given). — Climacocercus cyanocephalus Bertoni, Av. Nuev. Parag., 

 1901, 327. 



