BIRDS OF NORTPI AND MTDDLF. AMERICA. 827 



jf. Slightly sraallor (wing averaging less than 72, tail less than 55 mm.). 

 g. Under parts lighter gray (as in P. p. polychropterus); wing averaging 

 70.9, tail 54.9. (Coloniljia (o western Nicaragua.) 



Pachyrhamphus polychropterus cinereiventris, adult male (p. 829) 

 gg. Gray ef under parts dark(>r; wing averaging 71 .1 , tail 54.9. (Eastern 

 ('Osta Rica to Honduras; Guatemala?) 



Pachyrhamphus polychropterus similis, adult male (p. 832) 

 ee. Under parts black or hlackish slater color. (Amazon Valley to Gviiana, 

 Venezuela, Trinidad, and Tobago.) 



Pachyrhamphus polychropterus niger, adult male ((>xtralimital)« 

 dd. Hindneck gray. 



€. Forehead entirely l)lack. 

 /. Gray of hindneck, rump, and under ])arts deeper, the chin, throat, and 

 under tail-coverts decidedly gray; averaging smaller (wing averaging 

 73.3). (Panama to central Colombia.) 



Pachyrhamphus dorsalis, adult male (p. 832) 



ff. Gray of hindneck, rump, and uncU-r parts paler, the chin, throat, and 



under tail-coverts nearly (sometimes quite) white; averaging larger 



(wing averaging more than 76 mm.). (Pachyrhamphus major.) 



g. Under parts decidedly gray, only the chin, upper throat, and under 



tail-coverts whitish; larger (wing averaging 81.8, tail 02.7 mm.). 



(Eastern Mexico to Guatemala.) 



Pachyrhamphus major major, adult male (p. 833) 

 gg. Under parts white medially, shaded with very pale gray laterally 

 and (sometimes) across chest; smaller (wing averaging 76.3, tail 

 57.2 mm.), or else upper tail-coverts and lower rump partly white. 

 h. Larger (wing 84, tail 65 mm.); upper tail-coverts and lower rump 

 partly white; whole interscapular region uniform black. (West- 

 ern Mexico.) . .Pachyrhamphus major uropygialis, adult male (p. 836) 



o^ Pachyrhynchus niger Spix, Av. Bras., ii, 1825, 33, pi. 45, fig. 1 (no locality given). — 

 Pachyrhamphus niger Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 241; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiv, 

 1888, 343. — Psaris niger Swainson, Zool. Journ., ii, 1827, 356; Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 

 1850, 181. — B[athmidurus] niger Cabanis, inWiegmann's Archiv. fiir Naturg., 1847, pt. i, 

 243. — Z[ctctes] niger Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., ii, Oct., 1859, 87. — Pachyrhamphus 

 nigriventris Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 76 (new name for Pachyrhynchus niger 

 Spix). — (?) Pachyrhamphus polychropterus (not Platyrhynchos polychropterus Vieillot?) 

 Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 579 (Mexiana I., Lower Amazon). — 

 Pachyrhamphus polychropterus cinereiventris (not P. cinereiventris Sclater?) Phelps, 

 Auk, xiv, Oct., 1897, 365 (Cumanacoa and San Antonio, Venezuela); Chapman, Auk, 

 xiv. 1897, 369 (Cumanacoa; crit.). — Pachyrhamphus niger cinereiventris Hellmayr, 

 Novit. Zool., Feb., 1906, 27 (Caparo and Pointe Gourde, Trinidad; crit.). 



According to Hellmayr (as cited above) the dark-colored birds of this species from 

 Trinidad are not the same as those from the Upi:)er Amazon Valley (true P. p. niger), 

 which, together with specimens from Cumana and the Orinoco Valley, Venezuela, 

 Tobago, and Bogota, are, according to the same author, identical in coloration with the 

 type of P. cinereiventris Sclater, from Santa Marta. I can not understand this, for all 

 of the considerable series of specimens that I have seen from the islands of Trinidad 

 and Tobago are easily distinguished from mainland examples by their much darker 

 (blackish or blackish-clouded) under parts, while from Bogota 1 have only seen P. 

 dorsalis Sclater, a bird with very pale gray under parts and a gray collar across the hind- 

 neck. In fact, I have only seen one example from any part of Colombia that is as dark 

 beneath as birds from Venezuela, the one in question being among a large series of spec- 

 imens from Bonda and other places in Santa Marta, which, except for thisonespecimen, 

 are all similar to the birds from Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua (Pacific slope). 



