BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 671 



Nidijication. — Nest a very bulky mass of dried twic2;s, o^-ass, ^lc., 

 covered above, with entrance in one side, placed in bushes or low 

 trees (often thorny). Eggs creamy white or buff}^, spotted with 

 various shades of brown or reddish brown, lilac, etc. 



Range. — Mexico (including Rio Grande Valley in Texas) to Ecuador, 

 Bolivia, Argentina, southeastern Brazil, and Guiana. (About eight 

 species, including subspecies.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF PITANGUS. 



(/. Larger (wing 103-130 mm.); bill stouter. {I'itangus salphuruius.) 



b. Inner webs of rectrices grayish brown, very narrowly, if at all, edged with cinna- 

 mon or cinnamon-rufous; outer webs of remiges ^larrowly edged with cinnamon 

 or cinnamon-buff, 

 c. Smaller and darker, with cinnamomeous edgings on remiges more distinct. 

 (Guiana to eastern Peru and middle Brazil.) 



Pitangus sulphuratus sulphnratus ( extralimital) " 

 cc. liarger and paler, with cinnamomeous edgings on remiges less distinct. (Argen- 

 tina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Bolivia.) 



Pitangus sulphuratus bolivianus (extralimital)'' 

 bb. Inner webs of rectrices cinnamon-rufous, except part of terminal portion; outer 

 webs of remiges wholly cinnamon-rufous except terminally. 



o [Lanius] sulphuratus Linnseus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 137 (Cayenne; based on 

 Lanius cayanensis luteus Brisson, Orn., ii, 176, pi. 16). — Tyrannus sulphuratus Vieillot, 

 Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1807, 77, pi. 47. — Megarynchus sulphuratus Thunberg, Dissert, p. 

 Schaerstr., 1824, no. 2. — Saurophagus sulphuratus Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 

 225. — P\itangus^ sulphuratus Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1841, 41. — Pitangus sulphuratus 

 Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 45; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiv, 1888, 176.— 

 P[itangus] s[ulphuratus] sulphuratus Hellmayr, Novit. Zool., xiii, 1906, 24 (diagnosis 

 and range). — [Pitangus sulphuratus] a. Subsp. typica Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 

 xiv, 1888, m.—Conms Uucogaster Boddaert, Tabl. PL Enl., 1783, 15 (based on PI. Enl., 

 pi. 249). — {Corvus'] fiavus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 373 (based on Garul ou Geay a 

 ventre jaune de Cayenne Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., iii, 119; Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 249). — 

 S[aurophagus']flavus Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1847, 246. — [Corvus] flarigaster Latham, Index 

 Orn., i, 1790, 162 {^Corvus flavus Gmelin). — Corvus flavivenlns Shaw, Gen. Zool., vii, 

 1809,364 (cites PI. Enl., 249).— Ti/ranwts magnanimus WieiWot, Tabl. Enc. Meth., ii, 

 1823, 850 {=Lanius sulphuratus Linnaeus). « 



Specimens from southern Brazil are intergrades between this form and P. s. boliv- 

 ianus: — Muscicapa pitangua (not Lanius pitangva Linnseus) Maximilian, Beitr. Naturg. 

 Bras., iii, 1831, 838. — S[aurophagus] maximiliani Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein.,. ii, 

 Sept., 1859, 63 (Brazil; coll. Heine Mus.). — Pitangus maximiliani Sclater, Cat. Am. 

 Birds, 1862, 222. — [Pitangus sulphuratus.] Subsp. maximiliani Sclater, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Mus., xiv, 1888, 177. — Pitangus sulphuratus maximiliani Ihering, Rev. Mus. 

 Paul., iv, 1900, 45, 234 (descr. nest and eggs). 



b Saurophagus bolivianus Lafresnaye, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., Oct., 1852, 463 (Chuqui- 

 saca, Bolivia; type now in coll. Bost. Soc. N. H.). — Pitangus bolivianus Berlepsch and 

 Ihering, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 1885, 134; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiv, 1888, 177.— 

 Pitangus sulphuratus bolivianus Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., iv, 1900, 234, fig. 15 (descr. 

 nest and eggs). — S[aurophagus] bellicosus Cabanis and Heine, ii. Sept., 1859, 64 (Rio 

 Grande do Sul, s. Brazil; Montevideo, L'l'ruguay; coll. Heine Mus.). — Pitangus belli- 

 cosus Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 222. 



