866 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



viii, 1867, 182 (Greytown, Nicaragua); ix, 1868, 116 (Pacuare, Costa Rica).— 

 Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 309 (Costa Rica). — Salvin and Godman, 

 Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1890, 119, part (Mexican and Central American 

 localities and references). 



[Tityra] albitorques Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 368, no. 5590, part. — Sharpe, Hand- 

 list, iii, 1901, 162, part. 



Erator albitorques Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 558 (tierra caliente, 

 Vera Cruz). 



Genus TITYRA Vieillot. 



Tityra Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 39. (Type, Lanius cayanus Linnaeus.) 

 " ? Bfcarrfia Rafinq., 1815." (Gabanis.) 



Psaris Cuvier, Regne Anim., i, 1817, 340. (TyjDe, Lanius cayanus Linnaeus.) 

 (?) Pachyrhynchus AVagler, in Halm's Vogel aus Asien, etc.. Lief. 13, 1822, pi. 6 

 and text. (Type, P. melanocephalus Wagler, = Lam hs cayanus Linnajus.) 



. Medium-sized Cotingidge (wing about 118-145 mm.) with large, 

 stout, and strongly uncinate bill, small, circular, nonoperculate, 

 exposed nostrils, naked loral and orbital regions, and coloration of 

 black, white, and gray. 



Bill shorter than head, stout, its depth at nostrils about equal to 

 its width at same point and nearly equal to length of gonys; culmen 

 broad and rounded (not at all ridged), nearly straight or gently 

 convex for most of its length, strongly and rather abruptly decurved 

 terminally, the tip of maxilla strongly uncinate ; gonys about as long 

 as mandibular rami, faintly convex, ascending terminally, and with a 

 distinct median ridge; maxillary tomium nearly straight (faintly con- 

 cave anteriorly), distmctly notched subterminally. Nostril exposed, 

 small, roundish, without adjacent membrane. Rictal bristles absent. 

 Wing moderate, with longest primaries exceeding secondaries by much 

 more than length of tarsus; seventh and eighth primaries longest, the 

 sixth and tenth successively shorter; ninth primary, in adult males, 

 very small (not more than half as long as first), narrow, acuminate, 

 and subfalcate. Tail about two-thirds as long as wing, even, the 

 rectrices broad, with rounded tip. Tarsus about as long as exposed 

 culmen, its scutellation modified pycnaspidean, the outer side being 

 mostly broken up into small roundish or hexagonal scutella, like those 

 of the planta tarsi; middle toe, with claw, about as long as tarsus, 

 its basal phalanx mostly adherent to outer toe, about half united to 

 inner toe; outer toe reaching (without claw) to nearly the end of sub- 

 terminal phalanx of middle toe, the inner toe to about the middle of 

 the same; hallux decidedly shorter than inner toe, not conspicuously 

 stouter, its basal pad (tylarus) broad and flattened, with extruded 

 inner edge continuous with that of inner toe. 



Plumage arid coloration. — Contour feathers broad and blended, the 

 plumage compact; loral and orbital regions and anterior portion of 

 malar region naked, the chin partly so; no crest or other ornaments. 

 Adult males plain gray (paler beneath) with fore part of head (some- 



