MRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 743 



ee. Thighs wholly yellow; axillars and under wing-coverts yellow. {Pipra 

 mentalis.) 

 /. Inner webs of remiges edged with pale yellow or yellowish white; yellow 

 chin-spot larger. 

 g. Head lighter, more orange, red, distinctly paler anteriorly; thighs 

 paler yellow; averaging slightly larger, with tail relatively longer. 

 (Southern Mexico to Nicaragua.) 



Pipra mentalis mentalis, adult male (p. 746) 



gg. Head deeper red, scarcely paler anteriorly; thighs deeper yellow; 



averaging slightly smaller, with tail relatively shorter. (Costa 



Rica and Panama.) Pipra mentalis ignifera, adult male (p. 747) 



ff. Inner webs of remiges without yellow or wliilisli edges; yellow chin- 

 spot smaller. (Western Ecuador.) 



Pipra mentalis minor, adult male (extralimital) « 

 cc. Pileum, etc., orange-yellow or orange. (Pipra erythrocephala.) 



d. Yellow of head deeper (intense orange-yellow to yellow-orange), nearly 

 always margined posteriorly by a line of red; wing averaging shorter (57.9), 

 h\\\ larger (exposed culmen 9.5). (Cayenne to Panama.) 



Pipra erythrocephala erythrocephala, adult male (p. 748) 

 dd. Yellow of heaa paler (chrome yellow), usually without a red posterior mar- 

 gin; wing averaging longer (59.6), bill smaller (exposed culmen 8.9) 

 (Central Colombia to eastern Peru.) 



Pipra erythrocephala berlepschi, adult male (extralimital) & 

 bb. Pileum (but not sides of head or neck) at least partly blue or white. 

 ('. Crown blue. ,, 



d. Rump black, like rest of upper parts, or but faintly tinged with blue. 



e. General color dull black or sooty black, more grayish on posterior under 

 parts; blue of pileum covering occiput and most of forehead, margined 

 with darkei' blue laterally. (Eastern Ecuador and Peru and north- 

 western Brazil.) Pipra coronata, adult male (extralimital) c 



ee. General color intense velvety black ; blue of pileum confined to crown, 

 not margined laterally with darker blue. (Costa Rica to northwestern 



Ecuador.) : Pipra velutina, adult male (p. 750) 



dd. Rump and upper 1 ail-coverts azAire blue. (Peru.) 



Pipra caeruleocapilla, adult male (extralimital)'^ 



"■ Pipra mentalis minor Hartert, Novit. Zool., v, Dec. 31, 1898, 489 (Cachavi, n. w. 

 Ecuador; coll. Tring Mus.); Hellmayr, Ibis, 1906, 16 (monogr.). — Pipra mentalis, 

 subsp. miliar Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, xv, no. 362, 1899, 14 (Foreste 

 del Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador). 



b Pipra auricapilla (not Pipra aurocapilla Lichtenstein) Berlepsch, Journ. fiir Om., 

 1884, 304, 305, part (Bogota, Colombia; e. Ecuador; crit.); Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Mus., xiv, 1888, 296, part. — Pipra erythrocephala (not Parus erythrocephalus Linna3us) 

 Hellmayr, Ibis, 1906, 20, part (monogr.). — Pipra erythrocephala berlepschi Ridgway, 

 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 1906, 117 (Nauta, n. e. Peru; coll. U.S.Nat. Mus.). 



('Pipra coronata Spix, Av. Bras., ii, 1825, 5, pi. 7, fig. 1 (Rio Solimoe, n. w. Bi-azil); 

 Hellmayr, Ibis, 1906, 32 (monogr.).— Pipra herbacea Spix, Av. Bras., ii, 1825, 6, pi. 8a, 

 fig. 1 (Amazon R., n. Brazil; = female). — Pipra cyanocapiUa Hahn, Vogel aus Asien, 

 etc.. Lief, xv, 1826, pi. 3, fig. 2 (Brazil). — P\ipra] c(/anfOfa/n7/a Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 

 i, 1850, n4.-~Pipra cyaveocapiUa Sclaler, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiv, 1888, 299 



dPipra cxruleocapilla Tschudi. in Wicgnuinn"s Archiv. fiir Naturg., x, pi. i, 1844, 

 271 (Peru); Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiv, 1888, 300; Hellmayr, Ibis, 1906, 29 

 (monogr.). — [Pipra] caeruleicapilla Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 174. — Pipra caerulei- 

 capilla Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. I.ond., 1873, 782 (Cosnipata, Peru; crit.). 



