BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 847 



dusky, gray, or whitish, with or without a patch of rose-red or pink on 

 throat; adult females and young males rufous or brown above, the 

 pileum sometimes black or dusky, or grayish with rusty pileum, wings, 

 and tail, the lower parts more or less buffy or cinnamomeous. 



Nidijication. — Nest an enormous mass of vegetable materials with 

 the entrance to the nest proper at the lower side. Eggs (of P. aglaisR 

 sumicJirasti) " white, beautifully marked with pencillings of a pinkish 

 red and occasional spots of the same color," these markings ''much 

 blended and concentrated at the larger end." " 



Range. — Northern Mexico to Peru and southeastern Brazil; one 

 species in Jamaica. (About eleven species and subspecies.) 



KKY TO THE SPECIES AXD SUBSPECIES OP PLATYPSAKIS. 



a. Back and rump slate-gray, slate color, or black. (Adult males.) 

 h. Under parts slate-black, blackish slate, or sooty slate, 

 c. Inner webs of remiges wholly dusky; no red on throat ; under parts more sooty. 



(Jamaica.) Platypsaris niger, adult male (p. 849) 



cc. Inner webs of remiges with a white basal area; a purplish red or pink patch 

 on lower throat ; under parts more slaty, ((.'olombia to Guiana and Amazon 



Valley.) Platypsaris minor, adult male (extralimital) ^ 



bh. Under parts not darker than slate-gi-ay (sometimes nearly white). 



c. Under parts pale buff or buffy white, without red on tliroat. (Southeastern 



Brazil.) Platypsaris atricapillus, adult male (extralimital) '^ 



cc. Under parts gray or grayish white (with or without a rosy patch on lower 

 throat). 



a Owen, Ibis, 1861, 64. 



bQnerula minor Lesson, Traite d'Orn., i, 1831, 363 (Cayenne). — P[achijrhamphus] 

 minor Cabanis, in Wiegmann's Archiv. fur Naturg., 1847, pt. ii, 24], part. — [Puchy- 

 ramphus] minor Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 180, part. — Il[udrostomus] minor 

 Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., ii, 1859, 85; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiv, 

 1888, 337.— Psans rosdcollis D'Orbigny, Voy. Am.Merid., iv, Ois., 1839, 302 (Guarayos 

 and Yuracares, Bolivia); Jardine and Selby, Illustr. Orn., iv, pi. 28. — Pachyrhamphits 

 rosdcollis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1587, 73. — Pachyrhynchus pectoralis Swainson, 

 Anim.in Menag., Jan. 1, 1838, 288 (Cayenne; coll. Paris Mus.). — Ps[aris] pectoralis 

 Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1851, 46. — Pachyrhamphus pectoralis Sclater, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1857, 73. 



c Tityra atricapilla Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., iii, 1816, 347 (based on Carac- 

 terizado cayiela y caheza negra Azara, Apunt. Parag., ii, 182). — H[adrostomus] atrica- 

 pillus Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., ii, 1859, 85. — Hadrostomus atricapillus Sclater, 

 Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 239; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xiv, 1888, 333.— Tityra rw/a Vieillot, 

 Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., iii, 1816, 347 (based on Caractarizado canela corona de 

 pizzara Azara, Apunt. Parag. ;=female) L[anius] validus Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 

 1823,50 (Sao Paulo, s. Brazil; coll. Berlin Mus.) — Psaris validus Hartlaub, Index 

 Azara's Apunt., 1847, 14. — P[achyrhamphus] validus Cabanis, in Wiegmann's Archiv. fiir 

 Natiu-g., 1847, pt. i, 240. — [Pachyramphus] validus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 

 180. — Pachyrhynchus cinerascens Spix, Av. Bras., ii, 1825, 34, pi. 46, fig. 1 (= young 

 male). — Psaris cristatus Swainson, Zool. Journ., ii, Oct., 1825. 355 (s. Brazil); Zool. 

 Illustr., ser. 2, i, 1829, pi. 41. — Psaris striyatus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., Jan. 1, 

 1838, 287. — Pachyrhynchus megaccphalus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., Jan. 1, 183b, 

 287. — Psaris affinis Lesson, Rev. Zool., iii, Dec, 1840, 354 (Brazil). 



