MILITARY CHARACTER OF THE MOUND-BUILDERS. 477 



Plate XVI fi°-s. 6 - 6 a . Copper Spear-Read found near Cincinnati From E. Buchanan, Esq. 



Length, 8 inches ; neither socket or shank ; has a neck like the flint arrow-heads. Greatest 



breadth, 1.6 inches. Breadth where the cross-section is given, 1.2 inch., does not taper at the 



point, but gradually, and then has a blunt end like the BrockviUe spears. 



Plate XVI, figs. 2 - 2 b . Copper Arrow or Javelin Head, Copper Falls Mine, Lake Superior. 

 From S. W. Hill. 



Found in ancient mine pits several feet below the surface. 



Length of blade and socket, 



2 6" 



Breadth of blade at middle, 9 



9 " 

 " " socket 



Cross-section flattened, edges sharp ; flat side to the back of the socket, a ridge in front. 



Thickness of the blade, three tenths of an inch, well finished; more than one found at this 



place ; one of them with a part of the handle in the socket, well finished. 



Plate XVI, figs. 1 - l c . Copper Arrow or Javelin Head, Oak Orchard, Oconto County, Wis- 

 consin. From Mr. Windross. 

 Found on the surface. 



Length of blade and socket, 



a ' on it 



u u « 6M 



9 " 

 Breadth of blade at middle, 



Cross-section flattened, flat side to the front or open part of the socket. 



_ ,,, „ , . 90 inches. 



Breadth of socket, 



Thickness of blade, 



Rudely finished ; a small round hole in the socket to fasten on the handle. 



In point of workmanship the tools of the modern Indians are always inferior to the copper 

 ones of the mound-builders and the ancient mine workers. 



Some tools, which resemble a knife in form, were used, not as cutting instruments, but 

 apparently for cleaning and dressing skins. 



Among the implements described by Mr. Squier, there is the rude spear-head of copper, 

 above referred to (Plate XVI, fig. 6), found near the city of Cincinnati. This is the only 

 reported instance in Ohio, of an ancient weapon that might have been used in war. It is 

 not from a mound, but in the vicinity of mounds, buried two feet beneath the surface. The 

 mode of attachment by means of a neck instead of a socket, is different from the lance or 

 spear-heads of the North. 



There were also discovered, by Dr. Reynolds of BrockviUe, Canada, on the banks ot the 

 St Lawrence, at a depth of fourteen feet below the surface, three rude copper spears, one 

 of which is described above, (Plate XVI, fig. 8). A clumsy copper knife and human bones 

 were found in the same connection, also a spade-like implement already alluded to. 



These spears have a tapering shank, coming to a point, intended to be driven into a handle 

 like those of pitchforks and hoes. 



Besides these now referred to, I know of no copper spears or arrow-heads that may be 



considered ancient. 



MEMOIBS BOST. SOC. NAT. HIST. Vol. I, Pt. 4. 121 



