176 S. H. SCUDDER ON THE WINGS OF SOME FOSSIL NEUROPTERA 



is as distant from the v. scapularis as that is from the v. mediastina, and runs parallel to it, 

 sending out many branches downwards and outwards, which fork indefinitely, the forks 

 being never united by cross-veins ; these fill up the remainder of the wing. The area ex- 

 terno-media is occupied by an independent vein, which is connected with the veins on either 

 side by irregular cross-veins ; both wings are alike. This is substantially the same account 

 as is given of them by Heer, only that he considers what I have called the v. mediastina as 

 the scapulam, the v. scapularis as the extemo-media, and the v. extemo-media as the mterno- 

 media, in which he may be correct. 



E.MBEDINA. 



In the Embidina the v. marginalia forms the anterior margin. The v. mediastina runs parallel 

 and near to it till quite near the tip, when it is deflected downward and terminates at the 

 v. scapularis, which in like manner, running parallel to the v. mediastina, turns abruptly 

 downwards just at or beyond where the v. mediastina strikes it, and strikes the upper branch 

 of the v. extemo-media. The v. exter no-media forks at a distance of one third or more from its 

 origin to the tip of the wing, the upper branch running parallel to the v. scapularis till it 

 strikes it, and then continues on in the same course to the tip; the lower fork is generally 

 dichotomous. The v. inicrno-media is a simple vein running in quite a direct course to the 

 margin ; the v. emails is sometimes forked at the base, in which case the lower branch 

 forms the hind margin of the wing, and the upper is generally simple and straight; cross- 

 veins, very few in number, connect the v. extemo-media with the inter no-media, the branches of 

 the v. extemo-media with one another, the v. exiemowedia with the scapularis, and are found in 

 the area marginalis. 



PSOCINA. 



Vena marginalis continuous ; v. mediastina in the upper wing broken, in the under wing 

 reaching the v. marginalis, a short distance from the base ; v. scapularis occupying the 

 greater part of the wing, being the only forked vein in the wing; near the base it sends 

 out a branch abruptly downwards, which immediately turns and runs parallel to the main 

 stem ; the main stem, running in a straight course, reaches the margin beyond the middle 

 then deflects from it, and either strikes one of the branches of the other portion of the vein,' 

 or just before reaching it again turns abruptly upwards and strikes the margin; the main 

 branch, running parallel to the main stem, sends out a branch at a wide angle just before the 

 middle of the wing, which running in a straight line strikes the lower margin near the 

 middle. Just below where the main stem reaches the upper margin, the main branch sends 

 out another branch sub-parallel to the first, but sinuous, from which more than halfway to 

 the margin a widely spreading fork proceeds, the upper branch again and again forking 

 widely. The main branch just beyond the origin of this second branch is itself deflected 

 suddenly and sinuously downwards, running sub-parallel to the upper forks of the second 

 branch, till it reaches the margin at the apex of the wing, but from the middle of its down- 

 ward curve sending off a branch at right angles which forks and fills the space between the 

 termination of the main stem and the main branch of this v. scapularis; at the middle of 

 the wing a stout cross-vein unites the main branch and stem, and this is the only cross-vein 

 in the wmg. The v. extemo-media, curving slightly with a convexity toward the apex of the 

 wing, strikes the lower margin just behind the first branch of the main branch of the pre- 

 vious vein. The v. iuterno-media is but little separated from the v. analis, which simply forms 



