AS COMPARED WITH THOSE OF LIVING TYPES. 181 



running nearly parallel to the extension of the v. scapularis, and is united to it by several 

 cross-veins, while the lower one keeps on nearly the original course. The two forks are 

 reunited afterwards by a cross-vein which runs parallel to the border, and sends off several 

 branches to it. The v. ezterno-media, running a short distance parallel to the last, soon 

 diverges considerably from it and immediately forks, the lower fork reaching the border at 

 the middle, or sometimes nearer the base. The upper fork, sometimes united to the v. scap- 

 ularis by a cross-vein, soon forks again, its two forks continuing at about equal distances 

 from each other, from the other fork, and from the branch of the v. scapularis. These three 

 forks, half way from the original branching to the border, are reunited by cross-veins, 

 which send forth borderwards other branches, which are sometimes simple, sometimes forked 

 and sometimes united again by cross-veins, like the original branches which send forth 

 others to the border. In a similar way are the outer upper ones united by cross-veins to 

 the branches of the v. scapularis. The branches of this vein occupy more space and are 

 generally more prominent than those of the v. scapularis. The v. interno-media forks close to 

 its origin, is thereafter simple, or nearly so, but may have its forks united by an occasional 

 cross-vein to one another, or to the veins on either side. The v. analis is unimportant and 

 has but a single fork. 



Mantispad^e. 



The v. marginalis is continuous, curving upwards next the base. The v. mediastina runs 

 sub-parallel to it, and terminates abruptly at the outer extremity of the pterostigma, on the 

 apical half of the anterior margin, either by a cross-vein uniting the v. marginalis with the v. 

 scapularis, or by abruptly bending upon the latter. The v. scapularis runs in a straight 

 course to the apex of the wing, parallel and in close proximity to the v. mediastina, so long 

 as that continues ; it sends out two parallel branches near to one another at about the 

 middle of the basal half of the wing, from the second of which springs a branch which runs 

 parallel to the v. scapularis itself to the very tip of the wing, connected with it by an occa- 

 sional cross-vein, and sending out equidistant branches parallel to one another and to the 

 first branches mentioned. They fork once next the border, just before which they are 

 united together by cross-veins or by recurrence. They are united in a similar way to the 

 first branches of the v. scapularis, which latter are also united together by a cross-vein, 

 which is a continuation of the parallel branch of the second branch but is placed at an angle 

 to it. The v. extemo-media forks widely at the very base, is almost immediately united again, 

 from which union a short branch or cross-vein connects it with the v. scapularis anterior to 

 its branching, while two others widely divergent at origin run sub-parallel to the branches 

 of the v. scapularis, are again united not far from the margin by a cross-vein, from which 

 springs another branch. The v. interno-media is simple, and is united by single cross-veins to 

 the veins above and below. The v. analis forks but once. 



Panorpina. 



The v. marginalis is continuous. The v. mediastina is unimportant, parallel to it, and ter- 

 minates by striking it at about two thirds the distance from its origin. The v. scapularis 

 runs in contiguity with the former for a short distance, then diverging a little distance 

 forks, the upper branch running parallel to the v. mediastina. and at about the same distance 

 from it, as it is from the v. marginalis, till it terminates by striking the v. marginalis a little 

 way beyond where the v. mediastina strikes it, never forking except sometimes near the tip. 



