184 S. II. SCUDDER ON THE WINGS OF SOME FOSSIL NEUROPTERA 



the border on the outer half, but near its origin semis out a branch which forks, its upper 

 fork continually reforking (the lower remaining simple and connected irregularly by occa- 

 sional cross-nervures) and remaining parallel to the main stem. The v. externo-nudia forks 

 near the middle of its course, the upper fork sometimes reforking. The v.intcrno-mcdia forks 

 widely at its very base, tbe upper fork sending out branches from its under surface. It is 

 of considerable importance, while the v. analis is of but slight significance. 



Hcmerobina. The v. scapularis is generally much as in Sialina, but forks generally near to 

 the base, and the branches are straight instead of curved, seldom united by more than one 

 or two cross-veins, and these generally very regularly disposed, frequently united close to 

 the margin and immediately forking again. It occupies also almost the entire wing. 

 The other veins are much as in Sialina, but quite insignificant. 



Conioptcrygidce. The veins never reach the border, and are extremely simple, but they 

 nevertheless do not seem to agree in character with those of any other family. The only 

 branching vein is the v. scapularis, which occupies half the Aving. It sends out from its 

 under side distant from one another one or two branches which fork widely near the mar- 

 gin, sometimes connected by cross-veins. It is connected to the v. cxtcrno-mcdia by a cross- 

 vein. 



Raphidiidas. The v. scapularis does not branch until beyond the middle of the wing, then 

 sends out a branch which forks and is reconnected, before reaching the border, by a cross- 

 vein which sends out several branches to the border. This vein thus occupies the apex of 

 the wing. The v. cxtcrno-mcdia occupies the central and largest portion. It sends out 

 branches connected by cross-veins which latter themselves send out towards the border 

 offshoots, which are sometimes again reconnected. 



Maniispadcv. The v. mediastinal, impinges on the v. scapularis in the outer half of the wing. 

 The v. scapularis sends out near together, in the basal half of the wing, two branches, 

 the outermost of which sends out a branch parallel to the main stem, which again emits 

 branches towards the border parallel to and equidistant from one another. These unite 

 next the border and then fork again as in Hemerobina. This vein occupies more than 

 half of the wing. The v. cxtcrno-mcdia is much as in Rhaphidiidae, but branches nearer the 

 base. The anal area is quite insignificant. 



Panorpina. The v. scapularis forks near the middle of the wing, its lower branch repeat- 

 edly forking. It occupies about one third of the wing, taking in all the apical portion. 

 The v. externo-media forks in a similar manner but altogether beyond the middle of its course. 

 The branches of the veins in general are mainly confined to the outer half of the wing, 

 and they are connected by distant, straight cross-veins. 



Phryganina. The v. scapularis sends from its lower side close to the base a branch, which 

 forks near the middle of the wing, the branches being connected together afterwards by a 

 cross-vein, which continues on and connects the branches of the v. cxterno-mcdia. From this 

 continuous cross-vein a considerable number of branches are sent toward the apex. This 

 is nearly or quite the only cross-vein in the wing. 



Ilcmeristina} The v. scapularis sends downwards a branch near the middle of the wing, 

 which curves outwards so as to run nearly parallel to the main stem, and sends from its 

 under surface several other branches, occupying about a third of the wing. The v.cxtcrno- 

 media divides near the base, and its lower branch forks when about half way to the border 



1 These names Ilcmeristina and Palccnplcriva are proposed to lie respectively member?; fuller details, as a basis for a 

 for the families of which llemeristia and Miamia are believed better compaiison, are given beyond. 



