AS COMPARED WITH THOSE OF LIVING TYPES. 185 



of the wing. The v. interno-media branches many times but at a very slight angle ; and the 

 v. analis is not unimportant. All the veins and their branches are intimately united by 

 very frequent, straight, strong cross-veins. 



Palceopterina} Both the v. scapularis and externo-media fork not far from their origin very 

 narrowly, the lower fork of the former and the upper fork of the latter sometimes refork- 

 ing near the margin. Together they occupy scarcely more room than the v. interno-media, 

 which at a distance from the base sends downwards more diverging branches which are oc- 

 casionally united to one another and to the previous vein by distant, straight, but oblique 

 cross-veins, as are also the branches of the v. sccqndaris to one another. The v. analis occu- 

 pies considerable space, sending out many narrowly diverging forked branches not dichoto- 

 mizing. 



Other important distinctions, drawn from or dependent upon the structure of the wino-s, 

 will be found to be characteristic of the families of Neuroptera. They differ, for example, 

 in the various positions assumed by the wings when in an attitude of repose. 



In the Termitina the wings in their natural attitude when at rest are extended horizon- 

 tally backwards, those of the opposite sides completely overlapping one another. There is 

 no deflection of the costal area, and the anal area being absent there is no plication. 



In the EinUdina, according to Westwood, the wings are matted down upon the abdomen 

 as in the orthopterous family Forficularhw From figures of them one would judge that 

 there was no deflection of the costal area and no plication of the anal area, and that their 

 position may be exactly as in Termitina. 



In the Psocina they are extended backwards, sloping obliquely from one another like the 

 roof of a house, their inner edges meeting loosely, without plication of the anal area of the 

 hind wings ; anal area of fore wings with a slight horizontal deflection ; no deflection of 

 the costal area. 



In the Perlina they are extended horizontally backwards, completely overlapping one 

 another ; the anal area of hind wings plicated ; the costal area of fore wings slightly de- 

 flected. 



In the Ephemerina they are extended perpendicularly upwards, the surfaces of the oppo- 

 site wings approximate, or sometimes separated by a slight, seldom a considerable, anode ; 

 no deflection of the costal area ; no plication of the anal area. 



In the Odoncda they are extended either laterally and horizontally, or (Agrionina) up- 

 wards, and, by the structure of the thorax, backwards, the surfaces of the opposite wings 

 approximate ; the anal area not plicated ; no deflection of the costal area. 



In the Sialina they are extended backwards, incompletely overlapping one another, 

 arched over the abdomen ; a single plication or none in the anal area of hind wings ; a 

 slight deflection in the costal area of the fore wings. 



In the Iicmcrobina they are extended backwards, steeply sloping obliquely from one an- 

 other like the roof of a house, their inner edges in close contact throughout; no plication 

 of the anal area ; the costal area not deflected. 2 



The Comopterygidce and RhaphidiidoR I have never seen alive, but they probably do not 

 differ essentially from Hemerobina. Neither have I seen the Mantispadce, but they are 

 probably either as in Perlina, though without deflection or plication, or also without com- 

 plete or any overlapping of the opposite pairs of wings as in Panorpina. 



l Sec note on preceding page. 2 But Savigny figures Nemoptera in an attitude like Ephemera. 



