514 



J. A. ALLEN ON BIRDS 



absurd as this may seem, the principle, or lack of principle, or of consistency, necessary for 

 the admission of T. Aliciw, T. nanus, T. Auduboni and T. ustulatus will even warrant this 

 extreme. 1 



l We append here the more important synonyms of the 

 three species of Turdus under consideration, with short diag- 

 noses of each. 



Turdus Pallasi. 

 Turdus solitarius Wilson, Am. Orn., V, 1812, 95; not the 

 fig. (PI. xliii, 2), which is of T. Swain- 

 soni. Not the T. solitarius of Linn. 

 " " Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838. 



" " Audubon, Syn., 1839 ; ib. Birds of Am., 



Ill, 1841, 29, PL 146. 

 Merula solitaria Swainson, Faun. Bor. Am., II, 1831, 184, 

 PI. 37. 

 " " Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 



1844, 191. 

 " silens Swainson, Faun. Bor. Am., II, 1831, 186. 

 Turdus minor Bon., Obs. on Wilson's Nomeuclat., 1825, 

 No. 72. 

 " " Nuttall, Man. Am. Orn., I, 1830, 346. 



" " Aud., Orn. Biog., I, 1831, 303; ib. v, 445, 



PI. 58. 

 " " Giraud, Birds Long Island, 1843-44, 90. 



" Pallasi Cabanis, Weigm. Archiv, 1847, I, 205. 

 " " Baird, Birds N. Am., 1858, 212; ib. Rev. 



Am. Birds, Pt. I, 1864, 14. 

 " " Samuels, Orn. and Obi. N. Eng., 1867, 148. 



" nanus Aud., Orn. Biog., V, 1839, 201; ib. Bds. 



Am., Ill, 1841, 32. 

 " " Gambel, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sc, I, 



1843, 262. 

 " " Baird, Birds N. Am., 1858, 213; ib. Rev. 



Am. Bds., Pt. I, 1 5. 

 " Auduboni Baird, Rev. Am. Bds., Pt. I, 16. 

 Sp. Ch. — Above pale olive brown, occasionally inclining 

 to rufous, passing into bright rufous on the tail coverts and 

 tail, becoming most intense on the latter. Below, pale brown- 

 ish olive, passing into white on the middle of the abdomen and 

 throat, and into darker on the sides, with well-defined trian- 

 gular spots of very dark olivaceous brown, or sometimes nearly 

 black, on the sides of the neck and breast, extending as far 

 back as the middle of the abdomen. A more or less appre- 

 ciable band of pale buff across the upper breast, with some- 

 times a tinge of the same on the throat. Specimens collected 

 at the same locality and season are variable in respect to the 

 intensity of the color above, and in respect to the size and 

 depth of the color of the spots below, and the distinctness of 

 the buff breast band. Young generally, even of the second 

 year, with a pale band across the wings, formed by the lighter 

 tips of the outer row of greater coverts. Readily distinguish- 

 able from its allies by the contrast in color between the tail and 

 the back. 



Turdus Swainsoni. 

 Turdus minor Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, 817; in part 

 only. 

 « " Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., II, 1807, 7, PI. 



63 ; in part only. 



Turdus minor Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List., 1838; 

 ib. Consp.,1850, 271. 

 " solitarius Wilson, Am. Orn., V, PI. 13, fig. 2 ; 

 figure only. 

 Merula " Swainson, Faun. Bor. Am., II, 1831; PI. 



36; figure only. 

 " Wilsoni Swainson, " " " 1831. 



Turdus olivaceus Giraud, Birds Long Island, 1843-44, 9? 



Not T. olivaceus of Linn. 

 Merula " Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1, 



1844, 191. 

 "Turdus Swainsoni Cabanis, in Tschudi Fauna Peruana, 

 1844-46, 188." 

 " " Baird, Birds N. Am., 1858, 216; ib. Rev. 



Am. Bds., Pt. I, 19. 

 " " Allen, Proc. Essex Inst., IV, 1864, 56. 



" " Samuels, Orn. and Obi. of N. Eng., 1867, 



152. 

 " Alicia: Baird, Birds N. Am.,1858, 217; ib. Rev. 



Am. Bds., Pt. I, 21. 

 " " Coues and Prentiss, Smiths. Rep., 1861, 



405. 

 " " Coues, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sc, 1861, 



217. 

 " nanus Samuels, Am. Nat, II, June, 1868, 218. 

 Sp. Ch. — Above nearly uniform dark olive, with a more 

 or less decided tinge of green. Below much like Turdus 

 Pallasi, in some cases, in fact resembling it quite closely, but 

 generally with the triangular spots smaller and less sharply 

 defined, and with a more decided suffusion of buff on the breast 

 and neck. Extent of the spotting posteriorly variable, some- 

 times covering only the upper breast, sometimes reaching the 

 middle of the abdomen. Exceedingly variable in the degree 

 of rufous pervading the plumage, which is sometimes strongly 

 marked and again is scarcely appreciable; in the former case 

 giving a strong buff tinge to the sides of the head, neck, and 

 breast; in the latter leaving these ashy, and the general plum- 

 age above of a darker or greener olive. In this latter stage it. 

 forms the T. Alicice of authors. 



Turdus fuscescens. 

 Turdus muslelinus Wilson, Am. Orn., V, 1812, 98, PI. 43. 



Not T. muslelinus of Gmelin. 

 " fuscescens Stephens, Shaw's Zobl., X, i, 1817,182. 

 " " Gray, Genera of Birds, 1849. 



" " Baird, Birds N. Am.,1858, 214 ; ib. Rev. 



Am. Bds.,Pt. I, 17. 

 " " Samuels, Orn. and Ool. of N. Eng., 1867, 



150. 

 " Wilsoni Nuttall, Man. Am. Orn., V, 1832, 349. 

 " « Audubon, Orn. Biog., II, 1834, 362; ib. V, 



446; PI. 166. 

 " " Giraud, Bds. of L. Ild., 1843-44, 89. 



Turdus Wilsoni Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 



1844, 191. 



