OF LABRADOR AND MAINE. '221 



S. E., reaching across the peninsula of Meta Incognita, nearly to the straits which divide 

 Frobisher's Bay from Hudson's Straits. Mr. Hall states that "from the information I had 

 previously gained, and the data furnished me by my Innuit companion, I estimated the 

 Grinnell Glacier to be fully one hundred miles long. At various points on the north side of 

 Frobisher Bay between Bear Sound and the Countess of Warwick's Sound, I made observa- 

 tions by sextant by which I determined that over fifty miles of the glacier was in view 

 from, and southeast of, the President's Seat. A few miles above that point the glacier 

 recedes from the coast and is lost to view by the Everett chain of mountains ; and as 

 Sharkey [an Esquimau] said, the ou-u-e-too (ice that never melts), extends on ives-se-too-ad-ko 

 (far, very far off). He added that there were places along the coast below what I called 

 the President's Seat, where this great glacier discharges itself into the sea, some of it in 

 large icebergs. 



"From the sea of ice down to the point where the abutting glacier was quite uniform in 

 its rounding up, it presented the appearance, though in a frozen state, of a mighty rushing 

 torrent. The height of the discharging face of the glacier was 100 feet above the sea." 1 



Given, as stated below, the rise of the Labrador peninsula only 500 feet above its present 

 level, and we must have had during the glacial period most extensive glaciers fed by broad 

 seas of ice resting on the table-lands, reaching above the line of perpetual snow ; as only 

 120 miles northward of Cape Chudleigh we find the snow-line reaching as far down as 

 1000 feet, or thereabouts, above the sea level. We are inclined to doubt the accuracy of 

 Parry's estimate of the height of these table-lands, as the height of Mount Bache is over 

 2000 feet, and it just reaches the lowest limit of the snow-line, which in Greenland is 2000 

 feet above the sea. 



Owing to the extensive weathering of the rock, glacial grooves and scratches occur very 

 rarely. I doubt not they will be found abundantly after ascending 500 to 800 feet from 

 the sea level, for below this point the action of the waves and shore-ice has obliterated 

 both stria? and loose drift. We have good evidence that an enormous glacier once filled 

 the great fiord, Hamilton Inlet, which at its mouth is forty miles broad. Peculiar lunoid 

 furrows were observed on the northern and southern shores about forty miles apart, which 

 would seem to justify the conclusion, that the glacier was of that breadth where it descended 

 into the sea. The best examples of these lunoid furrows occurred at Indian Harbor on the 

 northern shore of Hamilton Inlet, near the fishing establishment of Mr. Norman. This 

 harbor is a narrow " tickle " or passage, where the Domino quartzites, very smoothly 

 worn and polished, are capped by trap overflows, and run under the water to the depth 

 of thirty feet, forming a polished and smooth bottom to the harbor. The marks occur about 

 twenty-five feet above the water's edge, and below the line of lichens which are kept at 

 a distance by the sea spray. 



These crescent shaped depressions which run transversely to the course of the bay, were 



l J. F. Campbell, who visited this coast in 1864, states in eastwards; at the head of Conception Bay they fdl a large 



his work entitled " Frost and Fire," that at Indian Island, lat. hollow, overrun hills, and point from S. 15° W. northwards. 



53° 30' " the striae pointed into Davis' Straits at a height Vast terraces of drift stretch along the base of rounded hills 



of 400 feet above the sea; at Red Bay, in the Straits of Belle at the head of Conception Bay, at Harbor Grace, and at Old 



Isle, they aimed N. 45° E. at the sea level." Purlican, near the end of the bay, sixty miles off. At the head 



At Newfoundland, about St. John's, " the stria? which were of the bay most of this drift seems to have come from the hills, 



found were near the coast, and seem to indicate large land- Opposite to granite hills are numerous blocks of granite; 



glaciers moving seawards. At St. John's the marks run over opposite to sandstone and slate hills, sandstone and slate 



the Signal Hill, 540 feet high, from W. and N. 85° W. east- boulders abound." — Frost and Fire, ii. 1805, p. 240. 

 wards ; at Harbor Grace, from S. 75° W. down the bay north- 



