OF LABRADOR AND MAINE. 241 



the glacial grooves are very clearly indicated both below and directly upon the summit. 

 Here they run N. 10° W. ; and it might be mentioned that the Cold River Valley turns 

 more to the southeast at this point. On a shoulder of the mountain, three hundred feet per- 

 haps below the summit, the lunoid furrows are very abundant. On the summit of this 

 mountain, which is made up of a light-colored fine syenite, were a few boulders of a pecu- 

 liar porphyritic syenite, with oblong crystals of albite. Following the N. 10° W. course, 

 less than a quarter of a mile, we traced this train of boulders to the parent rock on Peaked 

 Mountain, of which this mountain is composed. This elevation is perhaps one hundred 

 feet lower than that of Mount Baldface. 



Again, crossing the high range of mountains over into Gilead, in the Androscoggin Val- 

 ley, glacial marks occurred on a high ledge near the river, indicating that the ice moved 

 from the northwest, pursuing the general course of the valley at this point. 1 



Here, then, are good proofs of distinct systems of glaciers radiating from a central mcr de 

 glace which probably capped the White Mountains. This dome of ice must, so far as our 

 slight observations show, have been soon subdivided into local glaciers, which pursued 

 their route down the different valleys to the sea. Thus following down the Androscoggin 

 River, at Lewiston, as I am informed by Mr. George J. Varney, the ice-marks run nearly 

 north and south, corresponding with the course of the valley at that place. At Brunswick, 

 on the sea-shore, there are deep furrows running in a northwest direction, following the 

 ancient course of the river where it undoubtedly entered the sea up to a late period of the 

 Terrace Epoch. 



There is the clearest evidence in the remains of terraced beaches that, so far as we can 

 judge by the slightly stratified state of the drift material, all the present valleys of the 

 White Mountain streams, viz. : the Peabody River, the Ellis River, the Saco, Ammonoo- 

 suc and Moose rivers, which radiate from the base of Mount Washington, were formerly 

 occupied and filled to the depth of many hundred feet by large bodies of water. Thus 

 in the Glen the Peabody River is on its northwest bank lined by a series of terraces which 

 rise four in number up to at least 1000 feet above the level of its junction with the Andros- 

 coggin at Gorham, though the terraces are best marked six miles from its mouth. The 

 higher of the terraces are broken into hills, the " moraine terraces " of Professor E. Hitch- 

 cock ; and in their characters can be noticed all the modifications so fully described in gen- 

 eral terms as well as in a more detailed form, in Dr. Hitchcock's '•' Illustrations of Surface Geol- 

 ogy." Similar moraine terraces with the lower lying, and consequently more recent terraces, 

 are seen bordering the other streams just named. The moraine terraces ascend the sides of 

 the mountain at least 2000 feet above the level of the sea, and the masses of slightly strati- 

 fied drift material, found 4000 feet above the sea, are perhaps a continuation of the same 

 moraine terrace, being drift material partially arranged by water, probably very fresh, 



1 Since this paper was placed in the printer's hands, Mr. S. 16° W. (N. 16° E.) " These last furrows point down the 



G. L. Vose thus writes me — proving the existence of a Pea- Peabody Valley. Near the Alpine House at Gorham, on each 



body River glacier, which moved down from the northeast side of the valley of the Peabody River, are high, steep dill's 



side of Mount Washington, and also confirming our theory of of unmodified glacial drift, which must be the remnants of a 



an Androscoggin River glacier. " I noticed last summer, fur- terminal moraine thrown across the valley, while the more 



rows on top of Mount Hayes running about S. 40° E. (N. 40° superficial and middle portions of the moraine have been re- 



W.) magnetic; while about a mile up the Mount Washing- modelled into the river terraces, of which there are two sets, 



ton carriage-road are furrows running S. 30° W. (N. 30° E.), beautifully marked ; especially the delta terraces of the mouth 



and about two miles up, S. 25° W. (N. 25° E.), magnetic, of the Peabody River, in front of the Alpine House. Mr. 



The variation of the needle thereabouts is about 14° W., so Vose also suggests that the " old Peabody River glacier, if I 



that the reduced courses of the furrows would be : on Mount may venture on the expression, may have dammed up the 

 Hayes, S. 54° E. (N. 54° W.), and on Mount Washington, 



