46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxv. 



Twine. — " Calooee " is a species of nettle, of which excellent twine 

 is made. It grows to the height of about 4 feet, without branches, 

 the stem being imperfectly ligneous. It is cut down and beaten, after 

 which the rind is stripped off and twisted as we do hemp. Twine is 

 also made of the bark of a shrub called " Endeeloo." A twine is 

 made in the Lampoon district of the bark of the " bagoo " tree, beaten 

 out like hemp, for the construction of large fishing nets. On the island 

 of Nias they make a twine of the k ' baroo " tree, which they after- 

 wards weave into coarse cloth for bags. A kind of thread for sewing 

 is procured by stripping filaments from the midribs of the leaves and 

 from the trunk of the " pesang " or plantain. (Marsden, pp. 75-76.) 



Twinedwork. — A refined and varied technic, based on wattling, in 

 which the active part consists of two or more strands that in passing 

 make a part of a turn about one or more passive parts leaving one 

 strand inside. The method of doing this gives rise to several varie- 

 ties — plain, twilled, wrapped, latticed (or tee), three-strand, etc. 

 The process is used very extensively, especially in openwork, and dif- 

 fers from the American in not ascending by a perfectly uniform 

 spiral. (See Plates I, VIII, and figs. 7, 34, 35.) (See Wrap.) 



Twist (>/■ twistworh. — A number of filaments in a single strand 

 twisted together. The rattan is a bundle of long fibers and can be 

 readily changed from its hard, glossy appearance into a yarnlike 

 texture, as in the turning down of warp ends. 



Uprights. — The vertical elements in the framework of a basket. 



Upsett (Upsetted, Upsetting). — A modern basket-maker's name for 

 changing the bottom technic of a basket to the body technic. May be 

 useful in describing Malaysian ware, though it must be remembered 

 that a great deal of work on the latter is done afterwards about the 

 foot. 



Uses. — Armor, in fabric and ornament ; bags of every sort; baskets; 

 beaters for rice harvest; bird baskets, cages, and traps; canoe parts 

 and furnishings; carrying devices of infinite variety in size, parts, 

 functions, and qualities; chairs; clothing in every part, both useful 

 and ornamental (belts, bindings, caps, fans, fringes, hats and other 

 head coverings, pockets, sandals, shirts, shoes, stockings) ; coffins; 

 cooking utensils, covers, cradles, crates, drinking vessels; drums; 

 eating utensils; fences of many kinds; fishing gear; flask covers, 

 holders, and servers ; floors ; furniture ; grain vessels and utensils ; 

 handles; hangings; harvesting ware; houses and their parts, for 

 use and decoration; knotwork for endless uses; lacing and lace- 

 work; lashings; lines; masks; matting and mats; milling; nets for 

 land and water capture and network in general ; nooses ; ornaments 

 for the body and for every useful thing; palisades; panels in uphol- 

 stery; playthings; quivers; receptacles besides baskets; reels; sacks; 

 scabbards ; seats ; sennit ; sieves ; slings ; string in general ; tableware ; 



