No.lt;."..-. VOTES <>\ VERTEBRATES FROM INDIANA ll\ll\. 547 



LO. Bull Erog, Rana caU sbiana. 



11. Water suak.'. \nliir sipedon. 



12. Snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina. 

 IB. Box tortoise, '/'< rrapene Carolina. 



11. Opossum, Didelphis virginiana. 



15. Rabbit, Sylvilagua floridanus mearnsi. 



16. Pine mouse, l/tcrofus pini im mi, auricularis. 



17. Prairie role, Miirotus ochrogastet: 



18. White-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. 



19. Short-tailed shrew, nhtrimi brevicauda. 



20. Big-eared bat, Corynorhinus macrotis. 

 l*i. Little brown bat, \hn>iis lucifugm. 



22. Say bat, Myotis subulatus. 



23. Large-winged bat] MnoiLs velifer. 



24. Large brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus. 

 •_'.->. Georgian bat, Pipistrellus subflavus. 

 26. Red bat, Losturua borealis. 



l'T. Hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus. 



Of the above li-t the fishes enter by following their natural 

 instinct i<> ascend a stream, and once getting beyond daylight, are 

 unable i<> gel out. The salamanders an- partially adapted to sub 

 terranean life, and the cave salamander obtains it- food and breeds in 

 the cave. Frogs enter in autumn, seeking warmth. Some are car 

 ried in by floods also. It i- doubt I'nl whether all are able t<> reach the 

 surface again; none breed in the cave. 



Of the reptiles, all get in by accident. The only snapping turtle 

 had been carried in by a Hood and died of starvation or injuries. 

 The box tortoise was alive and had probably fallen into a sink-hole 

 from which it had not been able to escape. The snake was found just 

 within the limit- of daylighl on n cold day in late spring. It had 

 doubtless gone in for warmth, being attracted by the warm outward 

 current of air. 



Ajnong the mammals, bats alone are adapted to subterranean 



existence, and even they nm-i leave tin' cave to secure f 1. Two 



kind- of mice were found alive, l»ut they were few in numbers ami 

 had certainly never become established there. 



It will lie -ecu. therefore, that the cave fauna can he divided into 

 three groups: 1 1 1 Those whose entire life cycle i- spenl ill the cave. 



(2) Those that have home- in the cave hut must go outside for food. 



(3) Those that are accidental visitors, unable either to obtain food in 

 the cave or to go and come at will. 



The third group is the Largest in number of species. These animal- 

 can not adapt themselves to subterranean existence, ami for them to 

 enter the caves is death. The second group is represented bj the largesi 

 number of individuals. The species belonging to this group may he 

 incipiently subterranean, and any change of condition- which would 

 furnish them with an adequate supply of food within the cave might 

 lead them to take up a permanent residence there. 



