SUMATRA. 13 



p. 13) reported Lygosoma chalcidcs (Linne) from Sumatra. He omitted this 

 form, however, on page 15 of his 1900 list. Then again on p. 499, 500 of the 

 latter list he records Gekko verticillatus [= gecko (Linne)] from Sumatra; while in 

 the same paper, on page 505, he remarks "Eine sehr interessante Erscheinung ist 

 die Vertretung gewisser Species Sumatras durch verwandte Species auf Java." 

 He places Gekko stentor as Sumatran, and G. verticillatus as Javan, though both 

 species occur on both islands. Calotes cristatellus is not in any way characteris- 

 tic of Sumatra, though it occurs in his list. C. jubatus, on the other hand, has 

 been found in Java, but not yet in Sumatra. There are records for Enhydris 

 ■plumbea and E. enhydris (which he calls Hypsirhina) in both Java and Sumatra. 

 It is entirely possible that Werner has good reason to doubt the accuracy of 

 some of the records which have been published in the past; though I have a letter 

 from Dr. G. A. Boulenger, of the British museum, who tells me that he has 

 recently received specimens of Calotes cristatellus from both Java and Sumatra, 

 among other localities; and Flower, in his list of reptiles of the Malay Peninsula 

 (Proc. Zool. soc. London, 1899, p. 603) records both G. stentor and G. verticillatus 

 from Java, where I also collected both species. On page 504 Werner includes 

 Typhlops braminus in his list of species which are known from Java and the 

 Malay Peninsula, but not from Sumatra, even though he has reported it himself, 

 from Sumatra only four pages earlier in the same paper. He remarks, besides, 

 that Rana tigerina (spelled tigrina) is absent from Sumatra, though it is included 

 by van Kampen in his excellent set of tables (Max Weber's Zool. ergeb., 1907, 

 4, 2). On page 504 we read, "Sumatra scheint . . . . mit Borneo niemals in 

 Zusammenhang gestanden, sondern seine Reptilien direct aus Malakka erhalten 

 zu haben." While I am very much inclined to believe that this statement is 

 correct, it is nevertheless somewhat difficult to reconcile with it the fact that we 

 know a number of species from either Sumatra and Borneo, or Sumatra, Java, 

 and Borneo, not including the Malay Peninsula. 



We may proceed now to consider the composition of the fauna so far as 

 our present knowledge permits. Throughout this paper species of both true 

 sea-snakes and sea-turtles have been omitted. There are twelve species of fresh- 

 water turtles, none of them peculiar to the island, and all of them obviously 

 of direct derivation from the Malay Peninsula. The same may be said of the 

 three known species of crocodileans. It is interesting, however, to note that 

 Tomistojna schlegeli was not known from Sumatra until 1890, while still more 

 recently it has been added to the fauna of the Malay Peninsula. During the 

 last fifteen years it has been discovered there in a number of different rivers. 



