( ol.M-XTIONS IN KC'ONoMlc CKol.nCY AM» M 1 lALLriOi V. ISl 



iaiiii' I'lirnaco it coiisists ol' .'?,(J(i(» jmhukIs of r(>ast<(l Idnidc, (»()() |m)iiih1s 

 ot calamine, CM) pounds of sinitlisoiiitc, and LM) to 25 busluds of coal. 



TIm' <'oal is spread upon tlir llooi', upon this is sjjicad tlic sinitlison- 

 itr and calaniinr, ami then the hot blende is sprea<l o\«'r all. The pile 

 is wet down, thoroughly mixed with shovels, and left till the next 

 In('^nin<,^ The blue [)owder an<l dross from the previous charjje is 

 mixed with .'i(M) pounds of calamine and I bushels of e«tal and ehaij^ed 

 int.) the U|)per rows, while the chii»pin,us from the condenseis are adiled 

 to the regular charge for the tilth and sixth rows. 



About r> a. m. the cbar*;ing begius at the upper row of retorts. The 

 charge is introduced by means of a semicircular shovel, and as soon as 

 the retort is full a round bar of iron is tbrced through it near the top 

 in order to assist the exit of the zinc. The condenser is then adjusted. 

 The charging is finished between and 11 a. ni., and immediately the 

 zinc is withdrawn from the condensers of the up[)er rows. It is drawn 

 from the whole furnace at 4 p. m., 8 p. m. and again about 4 o'clock the 

 next morning. The zinc is drawn into a ladle, skimmed and cast into 

 sUibs. 



The large furnaces produce from 2,400 to 2,000 pounds of spelter per 

 24 hours, and about 150 bushels of common Illinois slack coal is used 

 for heating. 



The collection, taken by Mr. d. P. Gazzam, e. >i., September, 1884, 

 shows a full series of the ores, the fuels, and the products. 



Ure. 

 (1) Blende No. 1, hiiiip ore. (54561.) 

 {2) Blende No. 1, jigf;e<l ore. (545r>8.) 

 {'.i) Blende No. "2, hunp ore. (54567.) 



(4) Blende No. '2, tine ore. (54568.) 



(5) Blende, eontaininy a little chert, No. :?, fine ore. (54569.) 



(6) Blende, a mixture of ditt'erent jigged ores, ready to Ije roasted. (54540.) 



(7) Koasti-d blende. (.")45.5:$.) 



(8) Mixed roasted blende, ready to bo charged into the retorts. (54550.) 



(9) Calcined sniithsonite. (54."jG0. ) 



(10) Calcined smithsonite, crushed, ready to be charge<l into the retorts. (545."i6.) 



(11) Calamine, lump ore. (.54562,) 

 (1*2) Calamine, calcined. (54559.) 

 (i:?) Calamine, crushed. (54,'>.'>7.) 



Fuel. 



(1) Coal slack, from I5ig Muddy vein; used in retorts. (.545.52.) 

 (*2) Coal slack, crusliod, to bo mixed with the ore to reduce the zinc in the retorts. 

 (54551.) 



(:<) Coal slack, used for fuel ; from Illinois. (54.555,) 



Product. 



(1) Metallic zinc or spelter, ordinary. (54.565.) 



(2) Metallic zinc or spelter, ordinary; broken to .show fraiiure. (.">J.'><'):{.) 

 (:{) Metallic zinc or spelter, relined, (54.'>«Ui. ) 



(4) Metallic zinc or spelter, relined ; broken to show fracture, (54.564.) 



(5) Blue powder, a mixture of oxide and metallic zinc lYom condensers. (.'>4.570.) 



(6) Blue powder, a mixture of oxiib-and metallic^inc taken from the Hues, (54554.) 



