COLI.Kl'Tln.NS IN ECONOMIC GKOUH.Y AND MI:TALLUK(;V. "^27 



(II) Williaiii rniii ti)IIjiiy Iticakt r, Wi'st Maliaiiuv . Scliii ylkill ( "oiitif \, I'l-iinMyl- 

 vaiiia. (.VJ14'2.) 



(1"J) Lost Cn'ck collitTV liiiaUi'i, I.msI Crui'k, Sclmylkill Cininty, rciiiiMylviiiiiii. 

 (;>9U1.) 



(l:() Maliaiuiy tiMil pliiiii", Maliaiioy, Sclinylkill ('•imity, I'fiiiisyiviinia. (.V.Mll.) 



(11) (tniii|» of miiiiiiji siiiK-rititi'iidoiits and I'lif^iiicfr iii working; coKtume. (59013.) 



SEMI ANTHRACITE COAL. (FREE IJIWNI.NMJ f;OAL). 



Composition: 74 t«) DO por v.vut. fixed carbon. 7 to 11 percent, vola- 

 tile niattor, and 2..~> to I'J per i-iMit. impurities, inclndinj; water. 



It is not so liard (w dense as antliracite. nor so lni;,'lit. The fracture 

 on breaking is nearly cubic. When first ij?nited it gives a flame which 

 soon dies out. It is found principally in the western end of the Penn- 

 sylvania anthracite fields. 



The semianthracites are illustrated by a series of specimens from the 

 Loyal Sock mine, Bernice, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, together 

 with a complete set of tools. The following analyses represent the 

 average composition of the coal from this mine: 



yvr rent. I Per cent. 



Wiiter 1.953 1.295 



Volat ile luattor i 9. 6:t0 8. 100 



Fixed carbon j »). 143 S3.Ui 



Sulphur 0. 6'.'9 1.031 



Asli 7. 04.'. 6.230 



MIXK .SPECIMENS. 



(1) Sitndstonc, rooF of the toi> bench. (oOlH'i.) 



(2) '"ire clay, top, with torn impressions. (.">914C).) 



(:{) Coal. (r)".n4r).) 



(4) .Slate, parting between the middle and npi)er iienelies of J{ l>eds. (,'>'.MtiL) 



(5) Floor slate. (59147.) 



(6) Mineral charcoal, .sometimes called " mother of coal." (.VJltJIS. ) 



(7) Stigmaria. (.V.»ir)4.) 



(>i) Iridescent semi-anthracite, commonly called peacock coal. (r)920:{. ) 



TOOLS. 



(1) Mininj; lamp, tin, lifi to[i, donlde spout, in whieli eotton-seed or laril oil may 

 be l)urned. (.V.M97. ) 



(•J) Minerd cotton, a ball of ordinary wick, commonly called "cotton" by the 

 miners. (5919H.) 



(:j) Mining pick, the common form used ;it this inim-. with private mark of 

 miner. (.5914H. ) 



(4) Hottom pick, nsi-d in this and tin- Loii'.; \'ali<'y mines, and akso outside at 

 breaker. (.V.U49.) 



(."i) .Steel hand drill or Jumper, useil fordriiliuii bl;istin;j ln)les in coal byjump- 

 inji it up and down. (.V.»l.'>U. ) 



(•')) Iron seraprr, used for (leaning out loose «lirt in drill holes. (r>9ir>:i.) 



(7) Iron needle, used for inserting the cartridge into the blasting hole, and to 

 leave a i).tssage way for the si|uib used in tiring thi' shot. {.'>91.Vi. > 



(8) Iron blasting barrel, used in making a shot in <tamp places. Pin- wif i- liT 

 removing obstructions in the barrel. (.'i9l60.) 



