222 BULLETIN 42, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



This series is oue of the most interestiug and instructive in the de- 

 partment, and contains forty-eight specimens. 



MINE SPECIMENS. 



(1) Roof slate. (59063.) ] (3) Bony. (59065.) 



(2) Coal, rnn of mine. (59062.) i (4) Floor elate. (59064.) 



After the coal is extracted from the mine it is prepared for market by 

 being graded according to size in a building called a breaker. The 

 Kohiuoor breaker is shown on PL. xxxi. To prepare the smaller sizes 

 the coal is first crushed, then separated into the different sizes by sieves 

 or revolving screens. After this it passes over a series of chutes, where 

 boys and disabled men pick out the pieces of slate and bony coal as 

 shown on PL. xxx. It then j)asses to pockets, whence it is loaded on 

 the cars for shipment. A breaker is generally arranged so that the 

 coal is delivered at the top of the building, and then travels downwards 

 by gravity through the successive steps until it is loaded on the cars. 



BREAKER SPECIMENS. 



(1) Coal, rnn of mine, 3-ton specimen. 

 (59974.) 



(2) Lump or furnace. (59058.) 



(3) Steamboat. (59057.) 



(4) Broken. (59056.) 



(5) Egg. (590.^5.) 



(6) Large stove. (59054.) 



(7) Small stove. (59053.) 



(8) Chestnut. (59052.) 



(9) Pea. (59051.) 



aO) Buckwheat, (.')9050.) 



(11) Breaker waste, dust. (59059.) 



(12) Breaker waste, slate. (.59060.) 



(13) Breaker waste, bone. (59061.) 



(14) Iridescent anthracite, commonly 



called peacock coal. (59086.) 



TOOLS. 



(1) Torch lamp, tin, with two spouts; used as a stationary lamp in the gang- 

 ways or breakers. (59188.) 



(2) Mule lamp, tin, with sheet-iron shield; a large lamp with lift-top and large 

 spout. It is suspended from the collar of the leading mule as a guide for the mules 

 following. (59165.) 



(3) Driver's cadger, a small tin can used by the miners and drivers for carrying 

 oil for thair lamps. (.59184.) 



(4) Miners cotton, a ball of ordinary wick, commonly called "cotton" by the 

 miners. Used in the miners lamps. (59190.) 



(5) Mining pick, a common form used in the anthracite mines. (59166.) 



(6) Bottom pick, used about the anthracite mines, mainly in breakers for break- 

 ing coal and slate, and separating the same. (59167. ) 



(7) Coal drill or jumper, used for drilling blasting holes in the coal by jumping it 

 up and down. (59169.) 



(8) Rock drill, used for driving tunnels and gangways. (59170.) 



(9) Iron scraper, used for cleaning out loose dirt in drill-holes. (59172.) 



(10) Copper needle, used to insert the cartridge into the drill-hole, where it re- 

 mains until the hole is tamped, when it is withdrawn, leaving a small hole for the 

 insertion of the exploder. Made of copper to prevent striking fire. (59171.) 



(11) Blasting barrel, used in making a shot in damp places. (59173. ) 



(12) Fuses or squibs, made by the miners for exploding cartridges. (.59179.) 



(13) Miners safety squibs. Daddow & Beadle's patent rocket squib. Used for 

 exploding cartridges. (59180.) 



