COLLECTIONS IN ECONOMIC GE0L<)(;Y AND METALLIIUCJY. 223 



(14) Oil or powder can, uwrd liy tlii> iiiiiuns lor <arryiii;; fitlici oil or powder into 



til o mines. (;')«>! f^l.) 

 (ir>) Cartridfje Htick, used l»y tlie niiiuTS in innkin^ sliolls for eartridj5«». (5UI7H.) 

 (Ifi) Hlnstin;; pajier, a water-proof paper used hy (lie miners for niaiinfaetnrinn 



cartridjjes. ('ilH-fi. ) 



(17) Kosin soap, used with hlastiii;; paper lor niakiii;.; fartridjies. (.V.M"". ) 



(18) I'owder kt>;i, slieit iron ; Corni nsed at these eidlierios. (;')'.• 1 H2. ) 



(111) Coal wedjje, east steel; :i eoiMnion lorni of wed;;e used with the sledjjp. 



('2(1) SU»d';i> haniiniM', east steel : the I'orni used lordriviu;; wed;;es in the '-oal at 

 these c<»llieries. (.V.JITI.) 



(•Jl) Mining shovel, east steel, short iiandle. I'sed in tin- tnino for loailin;; the 

 sniallor pieces of eoal into mine waj^ons. (.VJlTti. ) 



(ihJ) Coal rakt", a six-prou^jed iron rake; used in the breasts (or maiupnlalin^; the 

 coal. (r)l)H;H.) 



("i;?) Miner's dinner cau. (.')lU8."i. i 



(24) Water or tea l>ottle, witli cIkimi ; used for rarryinp water or tt a min the 

 mine. (SUlKi.) 



(•2")) Hreaker rake, a two-pronged rake; used hy the i>latforin men in the hre.iker 

 for nianiimlating the coal as it comes from the mine. (51H1M.) 



(2t)) Breaker scraper, used for removin>; ol)strnctious in the chutes. (r)IH'.('2.) 



(27) Scoop shovel, cast steel ; used in and .-ihout the breaker and <lirt j>ile. (.'VJ177.) 



(28) Breaker platform pick, used for hreakiiij^ the coal, and also for detacliinp the 

 slate and lock. (r)lllOr>.) 



(29) Breaker eye wedge, bandied; used with tlio sledge by the platform men for 

 breaking large lumps of coal as it comes from the mine; peculiar to the EUangowan 

 Colliery. (.VJllM.) 



(30) Breaker wire broom, used in the breaker for cleaning the revolving screens 

 when the meshes are tilled with wet coal. (50193.) • 



VIEWS. 



The interior of breast No. 39 is illustrated by the lollowing five pho- 

 tofjraplis, taken by electric light August 28 and 29, 1884. Tliis breast 

 was selecte«i because it shows 4'_'.\ feet of coal, and the process of rob- 

 bing the mine or taking out the roof and piHars of coal left when the 

 mine was first opened was going on then. It is under the edge of 

 Shenandoah City, about r>0(l feet vertically below the surface: 



(1) Entrance to the breast. At the left, in the background, is a ]>illar of coal, left 

 to snpj)ort the roof. In front of this is the mine railway. In the center, in the 

 background, is the entrance to the breast, with the roof (at this place the 5-foot 

 bench) supported by timber props. On the right, in the background, is .another pil- 

 lar of coal ; in front of this is a pile of refu.se or " gob ; " and in front of tliis, again, 

 .ire s<Hne worn-out timber props. A man, standing in the entrance, furnishes a meas- 

 ure of the height of the gangway. ( .'»'.)009. ) 



(2) Has the face of the breast for a background, showing esp<'cially the lower 

 benches of the formation and the slate partings. A man on the left (who.se com 

 plexion. I»y the w.iy, is given with evident accuracy) is breaking down the coal witli 

 .1 pick, one in the center is loading the lum|i coal on a mine ear with a shovel, and 

 one on the right is drilling a hole for a blast with the old fashioned haiul drill or 

 "jumi)pr." Tlio wra|)er for removing the drill ilust from the h<do and the needle for 

 the introductioir of the cartridge loan against the face of the bre.ist in front of th<' 

 middle man. (.'/.MHNi. ) 



