COLLKOIFONS LV ECON(miC (;K()I,0(!Y AND Ml. lAM IIMiY. 221 



ANTHRACl'IF, COAI,. ((;LAN("E (;OAL, STONE COAL.) 



Conipositioii : S(» to !•! j)er ciMit. tixo«l carbon, 1..") t / 7..")(> per cj-iit. 

 volatile in:it t«'r, ami 1 to lli por ctMit. impurities, incliKliii;; water. 



It is (piit«' hard ami lias a liij^li specilic gravity l..'{ to 1.7."). It has a 

 veiy liii^^lit eliara«'teristi(r luster, and breaks with a eonchoidal frac- 

 ture. (Jives a very feeble llanie in burniii};. A remarkable peculiarity 

 is that it IS almost impossible to ignite a sin<;le piece of anthracite, an<l 

 ii' combustion is once fairly started it will eease nidess external heat 

 is supplied, so that to start and maintain a lire with this coal it is nec- 

 essary to have a j^rcjup of several pieces. 



Tlieie is a small area of hard «lrv anthracite in Hhode Island and a 

 second small area of very poor coal in Vii^inia. 'i',\ tar the larjjest 

 and most important area is in Pennsylvania, where it underlies 500 

 square miles, and from which l.'J,!)2L*,.S79 tons were extracted in 1.S88. 



At the be}j:innin<;- of the coal series stands the hard <;raphiti(; anthra- 

 cite of Khode Island. This field is quite small, but produces a consid- 

 erable amount of coal for local consumi»tion. The coal occurs in the 

 oldest Coal .Measures, ami its hardness and f^raphitic nature are char- 

 acteristic. The "general comi)ositi(ui is indicated by the following 

 analysis, showing wide variations in water and ash : 



Water 



Volatile matter 

 l-'ixed carbon .. 



Ash 



Sulphur 



A nalj-sts . . 



Per cent. 



8.55 



3.55 



82.25 



5.65 



Per rent 



0.24 



4.49 



P2.20 



13.07 



Prof. Shaler. ' Prof.Goocb. 



It is illustrated by two specimens from Newport. 



(1) Graphitic anthr.iciti-. Newport, liiiodo Islaiii]. (.V.)01)!>.) 



(2) Graphitic anthracite, Ncwpurt, Uho.Je Lslaiiil. (IT'JlHf.) 



The Penn.sylvania anthracite is illustrated by complete .series of the 

 characteristic varieties. The most important <;ollection is the very com- 

 I>lete illustration of the operations of the Philadelphia atul Keatliuir Coal 

 and Iron Company at the Kohinoor Colliery, Shenandoali, Sc^huylkill 

 County, Pennsylvania. This includes roof, coal, bony, and tloor; a com- 

 plete series representing the prei)aration of the coal for market, includ- 

 ing the run of mine, with a 3-t(ui piece, nine market sizes, and three 

 specimens of breaker waste; a complete set (»f tools used in the mine 

 atid breaker; and a number of views about the mine, including live 

 views in the interior of tin' mini' taken by electric light. 



The averaire rornpositioii of the coal iVoui this colliery i.s — 



Wai.r :{. ir.:i 



Vulatik^ matter .... ;{. 717 



Fixiil carbon . Hi. l.l;i 



."^nlpliiir ... II. H<.)<» 



Aeli 11.078 



