NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES. 23 



36d. PiERis NAPi BOREALis Gro. Is most like t3-picalnapi. Hab- 

 itat, Arctic Amerida. 



3Ge. PiERis NAPl FRKiiiDA Scud. Similar to napi but ^vith the 

 dark lines on lower side of hind wings paler and narrower. Habitat, 

 Labrador and Anticosti. 



oUf. PlERiS NAPl ACADICA Edw. Similar to frigida but paler, 

 with markings less distinct. Habitat, Newfoundland. 



36g. PiERis NAPI PALLIDA Scud. Similar to napi but with the 

 colors white or pale yellow% and with the lines bordering veins, very 

 faintly visable. Habitat, California to British Columbia. 



3Gh. PiERis NAPI CASTORIA Reak. Like the last, with faint spots 

 on the fore wings. 



37. PIEPtIS VIRGINIENSIS Edw. 

 Edward's White Butterfly. 



Similar to P. napi but differs in having the wings longer and nar- 

 rower, Fig 1-, b, with the ground colors much obscured with brownish 

 scales above, but there are no dark markings above. All of the veins 

 below are margined with brownish scales. Expands from L70 to 190. 

 Habitat, West Virginia. Occurs in May and June only. 



38. PIERIS RAPAE Linn. 



Cabbage Butterfly. 



Greenish white with apex of fore Avings dull black, this being often 

 nearly wanting and always confined to the border above the second branch 

 of the middle vein, Fig. 11, a. There is a spot on the middle of the fore 

 wings, and on upper border of hind wings, and in the female, a second 

 on lower border, but in the male the spots are often wanting. Beneath, 

 the spots on fore wings are repeated and the central is very rarely ab- 

 sent, even if not seen above. Apex of fore wings and whole of hind, 

 ocherous yellow, and these portions and the base of wings above and be- 

 low, are powdered with dusky. Expands l.GO to 180. 



Introduced from Europe and now found from Canada south to 

 Georgia, w^est to the Rocky Mountains, and through British America 

 to the Pacific. Occurs from April until November. 



38a. Pieris rapae margtnalis Scud. Has the dark markings 

 rather more extended than in the type, and with the spots above always 

 present. Habitat, Western States. 



38b. Pieris rapae yreka Reak. Has the markings even more ex- 

 tended. Habitat, California. 



