16 NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES. 



the under side of the abdomen, Fig. 13, a. Type, P. smin- 

 THEUS. ( Plate 1, 2. ) 



23. PARNASSIUS CLODIUS Men. 



Four spotted Mountain Butterfly. 



Plate I, 2, lower side, female. 



Male, with outer half of fore wings semi-transparent ; above, creamy 

 white ; fore wings margined on outer, upper, and basal edges with dusky. 

 A band of dusky nearly crosses the Aving sub-terminally, and within is 

 one much shorter, and two darker bands cross the central cell, one at the 

 outer end and the other midway. Hind wings have the base and inner 

 edge, blackish and there is a black-ringed red spot on the upper margin 

 and another one, often represented by a mere black point, near tlie mid- 

 dle of the wing. Beneath, rather darker, with the bandings and spots 

 repeated, but the latter usually are white-pupiled, as they also are oc- 

 casionally above. Female, similar with bandings above more conspicu- 

 ous, the second within the margin on fore Avings, being nearly as long as 

 the first. The outer three-fourths of the fore wings are semi-transparent. 

 The hind wings have an additional band of sub-marginal dusky crescents; 

 the red spots are greatly enlarged, white-pupiled, and below there are 

 three or four additional red spots at the base of the wing, also a fused, 

 double crescent-shaped spot on the inner angle, all black-ringed and white 

 pupiled ; these extra spottings- are sometimes faintly indicated in the 

 male. Pouch, large and white ; Expands from 2.40 to o.oO. 



Habitat, California, Utah, Nevada, and Montana. Occurs in July 

 and August. 



2oa. Parnassius glomus menetriesii. Edw. Diifers from typ- 

 ical P. clodius, in being smaller and in having all of the dark markings 

 on fore wings paler ; on the other hand, the hind wings are comparatively 

 more deeply edged with black. The red spots are very small and pale 

 often becoming simply pale pink or orange, but are always black-ringed. 

 Beneath, yellower than above but there is no red spot on the inner an- 

 gle. In the female, the colors are also pale and the inner angle of hind 

 wing quite without red spots. Expands 2.25 to 2.oO. 



24. PARNASSIUS SMINTHEUS Doubl. 

 Eight-spotted Mountain Butterfly. 

 Differs from P. clodius in being white above, faintly tinted in female 

 only, with creamy ; in having the Biarghial band of fore wings broken 



