NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES. 3 



GENUS I. PAPILIO. 

 SWALLOW-TAILED BUTTERFLIES. 



Size, large. Club of antennae, rounded. Seconda- 

 ries, scalloped, and provided with prominent tails. Type 

 P. TuRNUS (Plate I, 1). 



This fjimily is divided by most authors into two sub- 

 families, Papilioninae and Pierinae. The first containing 

 only the genus Papilio, see Plate I, 1, and the second sev- 

 eral genera, which do not have tails to the hind wings, but 

 which have the inner margin of tliese wings bent so as to 

 form grooves which enclose the abdomen when the wings 

 are elevated, see Plate I, 2. 



1. PAPILIO AJAX Linn. 



Green-banded Swallow-tail. 



Size, medium. Tails, long and slender, without terminal enlarge- 

 ment, Fig. 5, a. Above, brownish black with bands of greenish, one of 

 which crosses both wings near the base ; outside this is a second band, 

 divided near the upper margin ; both of these bands are suffused into 

 particles near the lower angle of the hind wing. Outside these are two 

 shorter bands on fore wing, and a long one follows the margin, becom- 

 ing pointed below, and replaced on the hind wing by a series of crescent 

 shaped spots Near inner angle of hind wing are two scarlet spots. Be- 

 neath paler, markings similar, but with a narrow, greenish white line 

 between the two long bands, outside of which, on hind wings, is a broad 

 band of scarlet. The two spots near inner angle are lined above with 

 greenish white, and there is a spot of whitish below the outer, and be- 

 low this two bluish crescents. Tail, margined with whitish but is with- 

 out central spot. Expanse, 2.00 to o.50. 



Habitat, Eastern U. S. from Penn., south, thence south-west to 

 Texas, occasionally north to Hamilton, Ont. 



Through the indefatigable efforts of Mr. W. II. Edwards, much light 

 has been thrown upon the exceedingly complicated phases of coLjration 

 which individuals of this species assume. This is due, as Mr. Edwards 

 has conclusively shown, to the effects of cold upon the pupa ; hence the 

 forms are regulated by the seasons. Formally, these phases of colora- 



