ON ETHNIC MIGRATIONS. 7 



establislied a trade with it in various commodities, principally in 

 slaves. The effects of this settlement are clearly traceable at the 

 present time, for most of the inhabitants of ^aterford and the 

 immediate- neighbourhood are of the Danish or Norse type, with 

 fair hair and light complexion, while in the hills, at only a short 

 distance, are to be found the true Irish, with bluish grey eyes 

 and dark hair. To this mixed class belongs also the colonization 

 of America by the Spaniards. This was of great importance 

 politically, but their numbers though large were not sufiOlcient to 

 make them predominate ultimately, except perhaps in Chili. 

 The irruption into Europe of the nomadic races of Central Asia 

 was of great ethnic importance, but its effect was not to advance 

 the improvement of the human race, but to retard it. 



These tribes have greatly changed the lines of races. In the 

 ninth century, the central plain of Hungary was occupied by the 

 Magyars, who came with their wives and children, and destroyed, 

 thrust out, or enslaved all the previous inhabitants. The 

 Hungarians are even now very un-European in their appearance. 

 In a similar manner, the Turks have occupied countries. Only 

 in Asia Minor are the cultivators of the land of the same blood as 

 the dominant race. In all other parts of Turkey, the Turks live 

 chiefly in scattered garrison towns, while the agriculturists are 

 of another race. 



Of the various causes which influence the permanence or 

 decadence of migrating nations, the principal one is climate. If 

 the climate is unsuited to the migrating nation, the consequence 

 will be decadence. 



The Germans could not retain Italy because, though morally 

 they might have kept it, physically they could not. Italy does 

 not suit the German constitution. Even in Lombardy, where 

 they settled in great numbers, very little of the German element 

 is left. Our settlements in India are not likely to prove 

 permanent for the same reason, we cannot stand the climate. It 

 may be said, **How then did the Aryan race at present 

 inhabiting India obtain a permanent footing there?" It is 



