ON ETHNIC MIGEATIONS. 5 



present day. Such were formerly the trading colonies of the 

 Phoenicians on the Mediterranean, and even in Cornwall. The Jews 

 furnish another instance of this kind of migration. Though their 

 movements were frequently caused by persecution, yet the 

 principal motive which influenced them was commercial. They 

 seem always to have kept on the frontier line of civilization: 

 their character being peculiarly adapted for commerce, they have 

 been able to penetrate where others dare not venture. Thus 

 they existed in former ages in large numbers in the towns on 

 the Ehine, as now in Cape Colony and Caffraria, This accounts 

 for the presence of so many Jews in East Grermany, Poland, and 

 Eussia. The ethnological effects of such migrations are in some 

 cases considerable, in others very slight. Commercial settlements 

 were made during the middle ages by the Genoese in the Levant 

 and Asia Minor, and the remembrance of this is so strong in the 

 minds of the Turks, that if asked concerning any old building of 

 doubtful origin, they will surely answer, *'It is Genoese." To 

 this class belongs the occupation of the West Indies by 

 Europeans for commercial purposes. This is not likely to be 

 permanent, as the climate is not suited to the European constitu- 

 tion. Amongst this class must be reckoned the introduction of 

 the JN'egro race to America, which, though not spontaneous, has 

 been productive of great ethnic results. There the black race 

 has thriven. In St. Domingo the IN'egroes predominate j also 

 in the southern United States, as Louisiana, Florida, and the 

 lower parts of Georgia and South Carolina. The climate suits 

 them, and does not suit those of European descent j and it is most 

 probable the iN'egro race wiU always predominate in some of those 

 States. 



Of the fourth class of migrations, the best example is afforded 

 by those of our own race to the United States and ^ew Zealand. 

 In the first case, in spite of opposition from a powerful race, 

 which, though our inferiors, was sufficiently strong to offer 

 considerable resistance, as they still are doing, and no doubt will 

 continue to do until they are "improved off the face^of the earth." 

 Such a migration took place in China, when two thousand years 



