2 ON ETHNIC MIGBATIONS. 



The colonization of Australia is another example of the same 

 kind of migration in modern times : for though there were tribes 

 of aborigines wandering over the vast districts of that large 

 island, yet they were so few, so widely scattered, and of so low 

 a type and civilization, that the country may be considered to 

 have been practically unoccupied. 



The second class of migrations, viz. :— those into countries 

 already occupied, may be classified according to the dominant 

 motives which influenced them, and the principles which governed 

 them : — 



1st. Military. 

 2nd. Eeligious. 

 3rd. Commercial. 



4th. For this class it is difficult to find a name which 



shall exactly express the idea ; they may be 



called agricultural, or colonial, being influenced 



by the desire to acquire land, to till it — ''earth 



hunger " as it has been called. 



6th. Those of a mixed class, which can scarcely be 



reckoned with either of the other classes, being 



caused by a compound of two or more of the 



motives influencing the former classes. 



1st. Military migrations: those in which acquisition of 



territory or increased dominion is the governing principle. Of 



this class we have an example in the movement at present going 



on in Central Asia, where Eussia is seeking to extend her 



territory, and to obtain possession of large tracts of land in 



Bokhara and Turkestan, even extending her conquests to Khiva. 



This is merely for the sake of conquest, said to be caused by a 



disturbed frontier, and the necessity of preserving peace on the 



borders of the empire. Here there is a tolerably numerous 



population, and this region has frequently been overrun in a 



similar manner before. These migrations have not greatly 



afi'ected the blood, though their political effects are evident. The 



race inhabiting the greater part of these regions is still mainly 



