antexx.t: of lepidoptera. t 



slightly overlapping circle, the distal one a little the larger. This 

 manner of insertion differs considerably from that found in tiie wing- 

 membrane and described by Professor Kellogg.* There the cups 

 have their long axes nearly parallel with the surface, and they seem 

 rather to be built up upon the membrane than to be hollowed out 

 of it. 



Scales vary greatly in form in different j)artsof the sanie antenna. 

 The scape bears a patch of extremely long, little specialized scales 

 spread over the dorsal surface towards the distal end and forming 

 one or two very pronounced, often strongly colored tufts. Single 

 scales of this kind attain great length, while their thickness remains 

 small. One from the scape of a male Hemileuca maia measured 

 1888 X 5.2 vi. Mr. Scudder saysf that in the butterflies (by which 

 term he includes the Hesperiina and Papilionina) the basal pai't of 

 the base (i e., the scape) is always naked. In many cases, however, 

 these tufts cover at least the distal half of the scape ; in some all 

 the surface except that Avhich forms a part of the joint. This tuft- 

 ing is carried to an extreme, or rather it is reinforced in a peculiar 

 manner among the Epipaschiin?e. Here the length of the scales is 

 supplemented by an extension of the dorsal surface of the scape into 

 a long process, which in some sjiecies reaches nearly to the abdomen. 

 Fig. 28. This is thickly clothed with long, spatulate scales, the whole 

 forming a very prominent feature in the appearance of the insect. 

 It is regarded l>y ^Ir. Hulst^; as a secondary sexual development. 



On the clavola the scales are more specialized, and have the same 

 form as those on the wing of the same insect. Among the moths, 

 for the most part, they are arranged on the dorsal surface in two 

 transverse bands, the scales themselves lying with their long axes 

 parallel with the axis of the clavola, and the free ends pointed distad, 

 Fig. 49. Thus the scales of the distal band cover the joint between 

 the segment on which they are born and the one succeeding. In 

 many pectinate forms the pectinations also bear scales. Even in 

 those antennse which are scaled apparently over their whole surface, 

 there is a comparatively free space on the ventral and more highly 

 specialized face. 



* The Taxonomic Value of the Seniles of the Lepidoptera, V. L. Kellogg. 

 Kansas I'niv. Quar.. vol. iii. No. 1, pp. 49-50. 



t The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada, p. 37. 

 i Entoniologica Americana, vol. v, p. 44. 



TR.\NS. AM. EXT. SOC. XX III. JANTARV, 1896. 



