NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 181 



Suborder FRENAT^. 

 Frenulum usually distinct, single in 'J, , usually divided and shorter in 9 : rurely 



abortive Frenulum conserrers. 



Frenulum absent, or very rudimentary ; replaced by an expanded area at base 

 of secondaries, often containing supplementary hnnieral veins. 



Frenulum losers. 



The frenuluiii conservers are well distinguished in genernl ; but 

 several genera occur in which the fVenuluni is much reduced or even 

 absent, while in some families included in the frenulum losers there 

 is a rudimentary frenulum. These divisions of the Frenatae do not 

 represent separate lines of descent, as is the case in the division into 

 suborders since the Lasiocumpidie are separated from their allies in 

 the Arctiid series. 



The Frenulum conservers. 



Primaries with two. or secondaries with three anal veins, usually complete; 



median often well preserved Generalized frenulum conserrers. 



Primaries with one, and secondaries with not more than two anal veins, except 



rarely traces of a third Specialized frenulum conserver.i. 



These divisions are fairly well marked. The Castniidae, Cossidae, 

 Eucleidse (= Limacodidie), Pyromorphida', jNIegalopygidae (= La- 

 goidio), Psychidie and many of the microlepidoptera fulfill the char- 

 acters of the first division ; but this does not appear to be the case 

 with all the microlepidoptera, nor with the Sesiidse. On the other 

 hand, our species of Phryyanidia (Dioptidie) shows a portion of a 

 third anal vein on the hind wings. 



The families intended to be included by the term "specialized 

 frenulum conservers" may be separated by the following table: 



Secondaries without distinct intercostal cell, 

 (jubitus of primaries apparently 4-branched. 



The radius and subcosta of secondaries united for about one-third the 

 length of cell or more. 



These veins completely coalesced to tip EUCHBOMIID^. 



Not con:pletely coalesced (apparently so in a few instances). 



( ARCTIID^. 

 1 LITHOSIID.^. 

 The radius and subcosta free toward base, except in a few instances. 

 Vein Vi arising close to, or in conjun(;tion with radius on secondaries. 

 Cubitus of secondaries apparently 4-branched ; % antennae jiectinate. 



f PERICOPID^. 

 i LIPARID^. 

 Cubitus of secondaries 3-branched, or 4-branched: antcnnse often 



simple; ocelli often present ' NOCTUID^. 



I AGARISTID^. 



TRANS, AM. ENT. SOC. XXI. JUNK, 1894. 



