no. 3635 MONOPHYLLUS — SCHWARTZ AND JONES 19 



reported finding Monophyllus as a fossil on the island. Absence of 

 Monophyllus from earlier Jamaican fossiliferous deposits may be due 

 merely to the chance nature of such deposits themselves. 



Once established on Jamaica, M. redmani could thus have extended 

 its distribution to Hispaniola (M. r. clinedaphus) and still further to 

 Puerto Rico (M. r. portoricensis) . Since Hispaniola and Cuba both are 

 inhabited by M. r. clinedaphus, we suggest that Cuba was the last 

 island of the Greater Antilles to be invaded by Monophyllus, that 

 these invaders came from Hispaniola to the east rather than from 

 Jamaica to the south, and that there has been little or no subsequent 

 divergence of the Cuban populations of M. r. clinedaphus from their 

 Hispaniolan forebearers. 



Meanwhile, in the Lesser Antilles, M. plethodon became established 

 on some of the Windward Islands from a center of origin there. Any 

 of the mountainous inner chain of islands would seem a suitable 

 locus for the origin and center of dispersal of M. plethodon: Dominica 

 or Guadeloupe, both near the central portion of the Lesser Antillean 

 arc, might have been the region whence M. plethodon colonized the 

 balance of these islands. From this Lesser Antillean center, Mono- 

 phyllus reached Barbados (M. p. plethodon) on one hand and Puerto 

 Rico (M. p. jrater) on the other, while the parent populations (M. p. 

 luciae) remained in situ on the Windward and Leeward Islands. 

 Although this suggested history may bear little resemblance to the 

 sequence of events as they really occurred, it offers at least a tentative 

 explanation that appears to do little violence to the relationships and 

 distribution as currently understood. 



Literature Cited 



Allen, Glover M. 



1911. Mammals of the West Indies. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 54, no. 

 6, pp. 175-263. 

 Anthony, H. E. 



1917. Two new fossil bats from Porto Rico. Bull. American Mus. Nat. 



Hist., vol. 37, pp. 565-568, 1 pi. 



1918. The indigenous land mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct. 



Mem. American Mus. Nat. Hist., n. s., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 333-435, 

 55 figs., 20 pis. 



1919. Mammals collected in eastern Cuba in 1917, with descriptions of two 



new species. Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 41, pp. 625-643. 

 Hall, E. Raymond, and Kelson, Keith R. 



1959. The mammals of North America, vol. 1, xxx, + 546 pp., 312 figs., 320 

 maps. New York: Ronald Press. 

 Howes, Paul G. 



1930. Wild life in Dominica. Nat. Hist., vol. 30, pp. 90-103. 

 Koopman, Karl F. 



1955. A new subspecies of Chilonycteris from the West Indies and a discus- 

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 1, pp. 109-113, 1 pi. 



