no. 3640 HAWAIIAN BIRDS — CLAPP AND WOODWARD 3 



Table 1, at the end of the species accounts, summarizes the new 

 distributional records of birds from the Hawaiian Leeward Islands. 



Acknowledgments. — The authors gratefully acknowledge those 

 members of the Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program who made 

 the collections and observations upon which this paper is based. These 

 people are referred to by last name only in the species accounts: 

 A. Binion Amerson, Jr., Alan H. Anderson, David A. Bratley, Richard 

 S. Crossin, Paul G. Dumont, Robert R. Fleet, C. Douglas Hackman, 

 Brian A. Harrington, Lawrence N. Huber, J. Vincent Hoeman, 

 Cameron B. Kepler, Warren B. King, T. James Lewis, James P. 

 Ludwig, Robert W. McFarlane, Ralph W. Schreiber, Fred C. Sibley, 

 Dennis L. Stadel, Robert S. Standen, Max C. Thompson, Jeffrey P. 

 Tordoff, William O. Wirtz, II, and George S. Wislocki. 



We also express our appreciation to Dr. Richard L. Zusi, Dr. 

 Charles A. Ely, Dr. Robert L. Pyle, A. Binion Amerson, Jr., and David 

 Bridge, all of whom criticized the manuscript. Dr. Alexander Wetmore, 

 Dr. Clayton M. White, Dr. Lester L. Short, Jr., Dr. George E. Wat- 

 son, Dr. Charles A. Ely, Mrs. Roxie C. Laybourne, David Bridge, 

 Patrick J. Gould, Robert A. Sundell, and Max C. Thompson helped 

 us with specific and subspecific determinations. Mrs. Laybourne was 

 also especially helpful in aging gulls and ducks. We should especially 

 like to thank Dr. George E. Watson for his encouragement and advice 

 in the preparation of the manuscript. 



Discussion. — One hundred new distributional records of 68 species 

 of birds are reported herein, including 16 records of species previously 

 unrecorded from either the main Hawaiian Islands or the Hawaiian 

 Leeward Islands. In addition, specimen verification is given for eight 

 species whose presence in the Hawaiian or Leeward Islands heretofore 

 has been based solely on sight records. 



Eighty of the 100 new records are from but four islands: Gardner 

 Pinnacles, Pearl and Hermes, Kure, and Midway. This preponderance 

 of records from the first three of these islands is in part an indication 

 of the relative frequency with which these islands had been visited by 

 observers in the past but reflects to only a slightly lesser degree differ- 

 ences in habitat from island to island. 



Kure, Pearl and Hermes, and Gardner Pinnacles have been sur- 

 veyed very infrequently prior to POBSP visits and few of these visits 

 were reported subsequently. Midway, at the other extreme, has been 

 surveyed and reported upon more frequently than any other Leeward 

 Island. Nonetheless, continued observation by the POBSP on this 

 island has resulted in more new records than for any other islands but 

 Kure and Pearl and Hermes. 



The presence of certain habitats on Midway, those presumably 

 most attractive to the kinds of migrants and vagrants (e.g., ducks, 



