452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiii. 



PAGURUS BERNHARDUS (Linnaeus.) 



Cancer heni]iardus Linn.eus, Syst. Nat., 1758, p. 631; Mus. Lud. Ulr., 1764, p. 



454. — Herbst, Natur. der Krabben und Krebse, II, 1796, p. 14, pi. xxii, fig. 6. 

 Astacus benihardus Pennant, Brit. Zool., IV, 1777, p. 23, pi. xvii. — De Geer, 



Mem. pour servir a 1' Hist, des Insects, VII, 1778, p. 405, pi. xxii, figs. 3-12. — 



Olivier, Enc. Meth. Insects, VIII, 1791, p. 641. 

 Pagarm bernhardufi Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., 1798, p. 411. — Latreille, Hist. 



des Crust. VI, 1805, p. 160; Gen. Crust, et Ins., I, 1807, p. 46; Consid. Genr. 



sur les Crust, des Aradi. et des insect, 1810, p. 422.^— Lamarck, Hist, des Anim. 



sans Vert., V, 1818, p. 220. — Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust., 1825, p. 173, pi. 



XXX, fig. 2. — Milne Edwards, Ann. des Sci. Nat., 2d ser., VI, 1836, p. 266; 



Hist. Nat. des Crust., II, 1837, p. 215; Atlas du Regne Anim., 3d ed., Crust., pi. 



XLiv, fig. 2; Ann. des Sci. Nat., 3d ser., X, 1848, p. 59. — Bell, Brit. Crust., 



1853, p. 171.— White, Pop. Hist. Brit. Crust., 1857, p. 74.— Bate, Kept. Brit. 



Assoc, 1865, p. 52. — Norman, Kept. Brit. Assoc, 1868, p. 264. — Benedict, 



Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), XVIII, 1896, p. 99. 

 Pagurus sfrebloiiyx Leach, Malac. Brit., 1815, pi. xxvi, figs. 1-4. — Latreille, 



Encyc Meth., 1825, pi. cccix, figs. 3-6. 

 Pagurus uUdianu^ W. Thompson, Rept. Brit. Assoc, 1843, p. 267. — Bell, Brit. 



Crust., 1853, p. 180.— White, Pop. Hist. Brit. Crust., 1857, p. 76.— Bate, Rept. 



Brit. Assoc, 1856, p. 52. 

 Eupagurus bernhardus var. A. granuluta and var. B. granalala-denticuluta Brandt, 



Middendorff's Sibir. Reise, Zool., 1851, p. 107. 

 Benihardus streblony.r Dana, Proc Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VI, 1852, p. 6. 

 Eupagurus uUdiami.s Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., X, 1858, p. 236. 

 Eupagurus bernhardus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., X, 1858, p. 236. — 



Heller, Crust. Sudl. Eur. 1863, p. 160. — Henderson, Proc. Royal Phys. Soc, IX, 



1886, 1). 68.— PococK, Ann. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., 1889, p. 427. 



The anterior portion of the carapace i.s usually aljout a.s broad as 

 long, varying- in individuals to l)roader or longer. The three projec- 

 tions of the front are pointed; the median is a little in advance of the 

 lateral, which are each armed with a single tubercular spine. The eye 

 scales are suljoval. armed just below the point with a spine which pro- 

 jects and gives the scales a sharp appearance. The eyestalks are 

 stout, constricted in the middle, dilated at the cornea. The terminal 

 joints of the antennula are a little in advance of the corresponding- 

 parts of the antenna. The acicle of the antenna is three-sided, slender, 

 and smooth, except on the inner edge, where it is rough and hairy. 



The right cheliped is stout and strong; in the smaller specimens it 

 does not reach the tips of the ambulatory legs, while in older and 

 larger specimens it often exceeds them in length. The upper surface 

 of the carpus is armed with a number of short spines, the larger of 

 which are in the inner marginal row. The hand is about one-third 

 longer than the carpus; the dactyl is usually longer than the palm; its 

 average length in 21 specimens was found to equal the breadth of the 

 palm. The left cheliped is nuich smaller than the right and varies 

 much in relative length, sometimes reaching the base of the dactyl of 



^P. licrnhardus is here made the type of the genus. 



