NO. 1239. APODAL FISHES OF JAPAN— JORDAN AND SNYDER. 879 



41. MUR^NA PARDALIS Schlegel. 



Miir.rna pardalis Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 268, pi. 119, Naga- 

 saki. — Bleeker, Act. Soc: Indo-Nederl., Japan, VI, p. 280, Japan; Nat. 

 Tydsskr. Ned. Ind., XVI, p. 206.— Gunther, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, ]>. 99, 

 Mauritius. 



Gymnothorax jiardalis Bleeker, Atlas Ichth. Murani., 1SH4, }>. 86, pi. xxv, fig. 1; 

 pi. XXVI, fig. 2, Japan, Cocos, Java. 



Head 2^ in trunk; tail a little longer than rest of )>ody; body ver}- 

 robust, the depth If in head; snout pointed, narrow, 3f in head; pos- 

 terior nostrils with very long tubes, 2 in snout, twice as long as ante- 

 rior, which are shorter than eye; e}^ moderate, 2i in snout, a little 

 nearer angle of mouth than tip of snout; mouth ver_v large, not clos- 

 ing conipletely, its cleft 2^ in head; canines strong; teeth in each jaw 

 biserial in the young, becoming uniserial in the adult; about 10 canines 

 on each side in lower jaw, besides smaller teeth; 2 depressible fangs 

 on vomer. 



Dark brown, clouded or vaguely barred with darker, the dark form- 

 ing reticulations around pale areas; everywhere covered with numer- 

 ous small round yellowish or whitish ocelli ringed with darker, these 

 largest on the lower parts, and on head and ))elly; in the yoimg white 

 with dark cross bands, the white [breaking up into spots with age, 

 sometimes partly confluent; lower jaw with light and dark cross])ars; 

 no pale edgings to the tins. 



East Indies, north to Japan, not rare. Our specimens, three in 

 number, are from AVakanoura, the largest 25 inches long. 



This species may be at once known from all other Japanese Moraj^s 

 by the four l)arbels on the snout. The spots on the ))ody, white with 

 black rings, are also diti'erent from any other. (TtdpdaXis, leopard.) 



26. GYMNOTHORAX Bloch. 



Gymnotliorax Blocr, IchthyoL, IX, 1795, i». 8n (reticularis). 



l,//co(/on<i8 McClelland, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist., V, 1844, p. l7o {literntd ^^ 



tile). 

 TliRi'odontis McClelland, Calcutta Jonrn. Nat. Hist., V, 1844, \>. 174 {niicnlatd = 



tesselata). 

 '? SideraKxvp, Apodes, 1856, }). 70 (pfrifferi) (vomerine teeth globular). 

 Eurymyctera Kaup, Apodes, 1856, p. 72 (crudelis). 

 Polyuranodon Kxvp, Apodes, 1856, p. 96 {tuhli = j>olyur(modon). 

 Timiophis Kaup, Aale Hamburg INIus., Nachtrage, 1859, p. 10 (westphali^funebris). 

 Priodonophi.s Kavv, Aaleniihnliche Fische Hamburg. Museum, 1859, p. 22 ( oc^Z- 



laius). 

 Neomuricna Girard, U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv.. Fishes, 1859, p. 76 {viyroiiiiirr/i- 



nata-ocellatus). 

 Pi^eudumursena J OHSSON, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, ji. 167 {inadeirenxiK). 



This genus, as here understood, comprises the great bulk of the 

 Murmnidai^ including all the species with sharp teeth, the vomer with 

 a few depressible canines, the number of depressible teeth in the mouth 

 less than ten; the body stout and not greatly elongate; the anterior 



