BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



93 



tail-coverts sulphur yellow; rest of under parts white, stained with 

 sulphur yellow, the breast streaked with dusky g-rayish, 



AduJt male.—luQwgih. (skins), 157.5-176.5 (i67.9)V wing, 91.2-07.3 

 (95.8); tail, 67.1-75.7(71.1); exposed culmen, 14.5-15.7 (15); depth of 

 bill at base, 7.9-8.6 (8.1); tarsus, 19.6-21.3 (20.3); middle toe, 11-15.2 

 (11.7).^ 



Adult female.— luewgth (skins), 160-175.3 (169.2); ^ wing, 89.9-98.6 

 (92.7); tail, 68.1-73.1(70.6); exposed culmen, 13.5-16 (11.7); depth of 

 bill at base, 7.9-8.6 (8.1); tarsus, 20.1-20.8 (20.6); middle toe, 11-15 

 (11.5).=^ 



Western United States, from eastern base of Rocky Mountains to 

 Pacific coast, northward to British Columbia (Vancouver Island), Atha- 

 basca (Lake Athabaska; Chippewyan), Idaho, Montana, and western 

 Dakota. South in winter over greater part of Mexico to highlands of 

 Guatemala (Duenas; Volcan de Agua; Volcan de Fuego; Alotenango). 

 Straggling eastward during migration to more northern Atlantic 

 States (Lynn, Massachusetts, January 20, 1878; Fort Montgomery, 

 New York, December 21, 1881; New Haven, Connecticut, December 

 15, 1892; Bangor, Maine, October 1, 1897), and near New Orleans, 

 Louisiana (March 19, 1898). 



Tanagra ludoviciana Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 27, pi. 20, fig. 1 ("Louisiana," 

 i. e., some part of the territory at that date thus designated). — Bonaparte, 

 Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 54 (crit); Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 

 105. — NuTTALL, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, i, 1832, 471. — Ornithological 

 Committee, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1837, 193 (Columbia E. ). — 

 Audubon, Orn. Biog., iv, 1838, 385; v, 1839, 90, pi. 354, figs. 1, 2, and pi. 

 400, fig. 4.— Townsend, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1839, 154. 



Pyranga ludoviciana Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., v, 1837, 175. — 

 Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 116 (Mexico); Geog. and Comp. 

 List, 1838, 35; Nuov. Ann. Sc. Nat. Bologna, ii, 1839, 344. — Audubon, Synop., 



^ Length before skinning, about 190.5. 



^ Twelve specimens. 



^ Eight specimens. 



Specimens from the Rocky Mountain district have, as a rule, larger wings and tails 

 than those from California, and l)righter coloration. Average measurements are as 

 follows: 



