92 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



yellow (lemon or guniboo-e to canary 3'ellow), the tips to greater wing- 

 coverts usually paler yellow, sometimes whitish, and the hindneck 

 sometimes tinged with red; head (at least anterioi'ly), all round, red 

 (varying from orange-chrome to almost crimson on pileum, paler on 

 throat);^ under wing-coverts light yellow, bill (in life) dull wax yel- 

 lowish, darker and more brownish toward culmen; iris brown; legs 

 and feet (in life) bluish gray. 



Adult male in w'inte)\ — Similar to the summer male but with head 

 yellow (or but slightlv tinged w4th red), more or less obscured on 

 occiput and hindneck with olive-greenish or dusky tips to the feathers; 

 feathers of back usually more or less distinctly margined with yellow- 

 ish olive; tertials broadly margined terminalh' with white or pale 

 yellow, the rectrices also more or less broadly margined at tips with 

 white. ^ 



Adult female in summer. — Above olive-greenish, the back and scapu- 

 lars usuall}^ more or less tinged with gray, the rump and upper tail- 

 coverts more yellowish; wings grayish dusk}' with light olive-greenish 

 edgings (usually more grayish on primaries, primary coverts, and 

 alula); middle coverts broadly tipped with light yellow and outer 

 webs of greater coverts broadl}' tipped with paler yellow or white, 

 forming two distinct bands; tail grayish brown or olive, with yellowish 

 olive-green edgings; under parts dull 3'ellowish (varying from pale 

 buffy 3-ellow to almost gamboge), the under tail-coverts clear canary 

 yellow or lemon yellow; anterior portion of head sometimes tinged 

 with red; bill, iris, and feet as in adult male. 



Young male in first autumn. — Similar to the adult female, but 

 clearer yellow below, and rump more decidedly 3'ellowish. 



Young fenude In first autumn. — Much duller in color than the adult 

 female, the upper parts more brownish olive, the under parts much 

 obscured by light brownish olive; wing-bands much narrower, pale 

 yellowish bull', instead of 3'ellow. 



Young male, first ])lwnage. — Pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, 

 rump, and upper tail-coverts plain olive-green; wings dull blackish, 

 the middle and greater coverts margined terminally with 3'ellow, the 

 greater coverts and tertials broadl}^ edged with olive-green, the alula, 

 primary coverts, and primaries narrowly edged with grayish olive, 

 the olive-green on edges of tertials passing into white terminallv; tail 

 grayish dusky, with outer webs of rectrices edged with olive-green; 

 lores, orbits, malar region, and chin pale olive-yellow; throat and 

 chest pale grayish, the latter nmch tinged with olive-3'ellow; under 



* Usually the red of the throat is of an orange hue and does not extend beyond the 

 throat; but sometimes (in specimens from the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains) 

 it is of a bright, poppy red hue and extends over the chest. 



'^ These white or pale yellow markings on tertials and rectrices are also present in 

 spring, or until worn off by exposure. 



