BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 91 



Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 435, pi. 20, figs. 7, 8.— Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc, Loml., 1874, 514 (centr. Peru). — Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 

 55 (San Jose,- Costa Rica, Apr.); 1883, 443 (Yucatan).— Brewster, Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 62 (plumages of adult male). — Ridgway, Nom. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 161.— Chamberlain, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 

 111 ((xrand Falls, New Brunswick). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves,,i, 188?, 287.— Bicknell, Auk, i, 1884, 326 (song).— Berlepsch, Journ. 

 fiir Orn., 1884, 292 ( Bucaramanga, Colombia). — Taczanowski and Ber- 

 lepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 81 (Machay, centr. Ecuador, Dec. )— 

 Agersborg, Auk, ii, 1885, 278 (s. e. South Dakota, breeding.) 



[Pirmigd'] rubra Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 60, no. 6835. 



[Pyrcn^ga'] rubra Coves, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 111. — Sclater and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. 



Plyranga^ rubra Newton (A. and E. ), Handl). Jamaica, 1881, 104. — Coues, Key 

 N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 318. 



Piranga rubra M-E^m Ail, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 25, 1884, 283 (Bermudas, 1 

 spec., Apr. 18, 1881). 



P[ha'nisoma'] rubra Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 284. 



Ph\_oenicosoma'] rufera Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 18,50, 24. 



Plioeuicosoma ru6ra Gundlach, Journ. fiirOrn., 1855, 477 (Cuba). 



{^Phoenicosomal rubrum Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., iii, 1876, 110. 



Pyranga erythromelas Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 293, pi. 22, 

 fig. 1 (based on Tanagra rubra, Latham, etc.). 



Pyranga etythrornelas [err. typ.] Vieillot, Enc. Meth., ii, 1823, 800. 



Piranga erythromelas American Ornithologists' Union, Check List., 1886, no. 

 608. — Brewster, Auk, iii, 1886, 110 (mountains of w. North Carolina, 

 breeding up to 5,000 ft.).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 199 (West Indian references; 

 Cuba; Jamaica; Barbadoes); viii, 1891, 47 (Antigua); Birds W. I., 1889, 86; 

 Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 114, 152 (New Providence and Andros, Bahamas; 

 Cuba; Jamaica; Tortola; Barbados) . — Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 

 i, 1887, 109 (Cartago, Naranjo de Cartago, Dota, and Barranca, Costa Rica). — 

 Bond, Auk, vi, 1889, 341 (Cheyenne, Wyoming, 2 specs.. May 28). — Scott, 

 Auk, vi, 1889, 324 (Tarpon Springs, s. w. Florida, migr. ; Key West, Apr. 

 27 and 29); x, 1893, 180 (Jamaica) .—Ridgway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 215.— 

 LooMis, Auk, vii, 1890, 125 (mountains of South Carolina, breeding above 

 2,000 ft.); viii, 1891, 329 (Greenville Co., South Carolina, 2,000 ft.); x, 1893, 

 154 (remarks on plumage). — Thompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1891, 

 608 (Winnipeg, Assiniboine R., etc., Manitoba, rare summer resident). — 

 Goss, Birds, Kansas, 1891, 497 (summer resid. e. and mid. Kansas). — Rich- 

 mond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 490 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, 

 Sept. 27; Rio Frio, Costa Rica, Mar. 1, both in scarlet and black plumage!) . — 

 Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 2, pi. 25, fig. 1.— Cooke, Bull. 

 Col. Agric. Coll., no. 44, 1898, 167 (near Newcastle, Colorado, 2 specs, spring, 

 1892; Del Norte Valley, 1 spec. Sept., 1883).— Fleming, Auk, xviii, 1901, 

 42 (Parry Sound and Muskoka, n. Ontario, common summer resident). 



P[iraiiga'] erythromelas Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 454. 



PIRANGA LUDOVICIANA (Wilson). 

 LOtriSIANA TANAGER. 



Adult male in summer. — Back, scapulars, wings, and tail black, the 

 first sometimes slightly mixed with 3'ellow; posterior row of lesser 

 wing-coverts, middle coverts, ))road tips to outer webs of greater 

 coverts, rump, upper tail-coverts, hindneck, and under parts of body 



