BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLK AMERICA. 83 



Perou, ii, 1885, 494.— Salvadoki and Fest.v, Boll. Mas. Zool., etc., Torino, 



XV, no. 357, 1899, 18 (Pun, e. E 'uador, Feb.; Foreste del Rio Peripa, w. 



Ecuador, Nov. ) . 

 [Fi/nmga:] xstiva Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 241, part.— Ooue's, Key N. Am. 



Birds, 1872, 111.— Sclatek and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 22, part.— 



Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. 

 Piyranga] xstiva Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 104 (n. e. Illinois; rare 



summer resid.). — Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 818. 

 \_Piranga] lestiva Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 60, no. 6836. 

 Pyranga xstiva var. xstiva Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Birds, 



i, 1874, 441. 

 [^Pyranga sestival a. xstiva Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 82 (synonymy). 

 [Pyranga xstiva cooper i] a. xstiva Coues, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 353 (synonymy). 

 Pyranga xstiva xstiva Goode, Bull. IT. S. Nat. Mus., no. 20, 1883, 339. 

 \_Phoenisoma'] aestiva Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 284. 

 Phoenisoma aestiva Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 329 (Costa Rica). 

 Phloenicosoma'] aestiva Cab asis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 25. 

 Phoenicosoma. aestiva Gundl.vch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 477 (Cul)a); 1861, 409 



(Cuba). 

 [Phoenicosoma'] acstivum Giebel, Thesaurus Orn., iii, 1876, 109. 

 [Tanagra'] rariegata Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 421 (based on Tanagra missis- 



sippiensis and Loxia virginica Gmelin; =male in transition plumage) . 

 Pyranga livida Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., i, 1827, 438 (Real del Monte, 



Hidalgo, Mexico). 



PIRANGA RUBRA COOPERI Ridgway. 

 WESTERN SUMMER TANAGER. 



Similar to J^. r. ruhra^ but decidedly larger, with coloration paler; 

 adult male dull vermilion above (clearer on pileum, rump, and upper 

 tail-coverts), clear lig-ht vermilion beneath; adult female pale olive- 

 grayish above, tinged with olive-3xllowish on back and scapulars, pale 

 chrome or pale gamboge 3"ellow beneath. 



Adult wirtZt?.— Length (skins), 107. 6-190. 5 (179.6); wing, 93-106.2 

 (100.3); tail, 75.7-85.9 (80.5); exposed culmen, 18.3-19.8 (19.3); depth 

 of bill at base, 9.7-10.9 (10.1); tarsus, 18.3-21.3 (20.3); middle toe 

 with claw, 14-15.5 (15).^ 



Adult female.— l^^wgi^L (skins), 177.8-199.1 (188.5); wing, 96.5-102.1 

 (98.6); tail, 74.9-82.8 (79); exposed culmen, 19.3-20.3 (19.8); depth of 

 bill at base, 10.7; tarsus, 19.8-21.1 (20.6); middle toe, 11.5-16 (15.2).*^ 



Southwestern United States, from middle Texas through western 

 Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to the lower Colorado Valley, Cali- 

 fornia; south through western Mexico to the state of Colima; north, 

 casually (?) to Colorado (Denver). 



Pyranga xstiva (not Tanagra xstiva Gmelin) Woodhouse, in Rep. Sitgreaves' 

 Expl. Zufii and Colorado, 1853, 82, part (Texas; New Mexico). — Henry, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 312 (New Mexico); xi, 1859, 106 

 (do.).— HEER.MANN, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, no. 1, 1859, 17 (Texas).— 

 Cooper, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 1861, 162 (Ft. Yuma, Arizona). — Coues, Ibis, 

 1865, 159 (New Mexico); Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 71 (Ari- 

 zona). — FiNSCH, Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem., i, 1870, 338 (Mazatlan). 



^ Ten specimens, '■ Six specimens. 



