BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 77 



JJ. Maxillary toiniuiu with a diHtinrt nieilian "tooth;" color orange-red, 



or dull orange-vermilion l)elow, grayish red or brownish red above. 



g Wing 100.6 or more, averaging 102.6; back grayish red or reddish 



gray; under parts light orange- red or flame scarlet. (Southwestern 



United States and plateau of Mexii-o. ) 



Piranga hepatica, adult male (p. 84) 

 gg. Wing not more than 99.1, averaging less than 95.2; back brownish 

 red; under parts deep dull orange-red. {PInnigd tedacea.) 

 h. Coloration darker, with ear-coverts deep brownish red likepileum; 

 wings and tail shorter (wing averaging 91.9, tail 75.4). (Nic- 

 aragua to Colombia, etc. ). 



Piranga testacea testacea, adult male (p. 86) 

 hh. Coloration lighter, with ear-coverts more grayish than pileum; 

 wings and taillonger (wing averaging 96.5, tail 78.2). (Guate- 

 mala to Honduras. ) . .Piranga testacea figlina, adult male (p. 87) 

 ee. Wings and tail l)lack; back pure red, like under parts; under wing- 

 coverts white, becoming l)lack on edge of wing. (Eastern North 

 America, south to northern South America in winter. ) 



Piranga erythromelas, adult male in summer (p. 88) 

 (id. Under parts of body yellow; back not reddish. 

 e. Back black. (Western United States and British Columbia, south to 

 Guatemala in winter.) 



Piranga ludoviciana, adult male in summer (p. 91) 

 ee. Back yellowish olive-green. (Colombia; accidental in California?) 



Piranga rubriceps, adults (extralimitaP) 

 cc. General color olive-greenish above (back sometimes black), yellow below; 

 no red, except sometimes a tinge on forepart of head. (Females and 

 young males. ) 

 d. Back olive-green or grayish. 

 e. Wings without yellow bands. 

 /. Under wing-coverts yellow, without dark outer margin. 



g. Bill light brownish, the mandible paler; maxillary tonuum without 

 distinct median tooth. {Piranga r-ubra. ) 

 h. Smaller and deeper colored; wing averaging 91.9, tail 70.1, exposed 



culmen 18 Piranga rubra rubra, adult female (p. 79) 



/)/i. Larger and paler; wing averaging 98.5, tail 78.9, exposed culmen 



19.8 Piranga rubra cooperi, adult female (p. 83) 



gg. Bill dusky, the mandible more bluish gray; maxillary tomium with 

 a distinct median "tooth."' 

 h. Back olive-grayish or light grayish olive-green; under parts i>ale 

 yellow, becoming pale olive-grayish on flanks. 



Piranga hepatica, adult female (p. 85) 

 hh. Back bright yellowish olive-green; under parts deep olive-yellow, 

 the flanks light olive-green. {Piranga testacea.) 

 i. Ear-coverts yellowish olive-green, like pileum; wings and tail 

 shorter (wing averaging 84.6, tail 73). 



Piranga testacea testacea, adult female (}). 87) 

 ii. Ear-coverts more grayish than pileum; wings and tail longer 

 ( wing averaging 87. 1, tail 78.7). 



Piranga testacea figlina, adult female (p. 87) 



' Pyranga rubriceps Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 364, pi. 89; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Mus., xi, 1886, 192. (A Coloml)ian species said to have been taken in California; 

 Bryant, Auk, iv, 1877, 78.) 



