BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 105 



Ad/ult female. — Similar to the male, but gray of under parts duller 

 and rather lighter and less tinged with olive-yellow posteriorly, the 

 under tail-coverts usually with very little of this color, sometimes 

 none; length (skins), 144^8; wing, 77.Y-82.6 (80); tail, 57.2-61 (59.2); 

 exposed culmen, 16.5-17.3 (16.8); depth of bill at base, 7.1-8.1 (7.9); 

 tarsus, 19.8-20.1 (19.8); middle toe, 12.1-13.2 (12.7).^ 



Isthmus of Panama to Costa Rica (Angostura; Reventazon); south 

 to the Panama Railroad. 



Tachyphonus xanOiopygms (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1864, 

 331 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R. ). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. See. 

 Lond., 1864, 351 (Lion Hill). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, i, 1883, 311, part (Angostura, Costa Rica; Veragua; Lion Hill, Panama 

 R. R.).— Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 209, part (Panama; Vera- 

 gua). — Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Costa Rica). 

 T \_achyphonus] xanthopygms Salvin, Ibis, 1870, 109, in text (crit. ). 

 Tachyphonus rubrifrons Lawrence, Proc. Ac Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 106 (Lion 

 Hill, Panama R. R. ; coll. G. N. Lawrence). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., xvi, 1893, 610, 611 (Angostura and Reventazon, Costa Rica; crit.). 

 T [achyphonus] rubrifrons Sclater and Salvin, Exotic Orn., pt. v, 1868, 68. 

 Heterospingus rubrifrons Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, Sept. 20, 1900, 



29 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R. ). 

 Tachyphonus propinguus Lawrence, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. , 1867, 94 (substitute 

 for T. rubrifrons, considered inappropriate as being based on an accidental 

 character); Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 101 (Angostura, Costa Rica). — 

 Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 299 (Costa Rica).— Salvin, Ibis, 1870, 109 

 (crit.). 



Genus HEMITHRAUPIS Cabanis. 



Hemithraupis'^ Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 21. (Type, Nemosia ruficapilla 

 Vieillot.) 



Similar to Tachy^jhonus., but bill much more slender, its depth at 

 base decidedl}^ less than half the length of exposed culmen; wing more 

 pointed (outermost primary longer than fifth); tail relatively shorter, 

 tarsus relatively much longer, toes weaker, and style of coloration 

 very different. 



Exposed culmen longer than middle toe without claw, nearly straight 

 to near the tip, where gently decurved; gonys decidedly shorter than 

 maxilla from nostril, straight; maxillar}" tomium with slight subter- 

 miiial notch, straight or very faintly concave lo beneath anterior end 

 of nasal fosste, thence gentl}" deflected to the rictus; mandibular 

 tomium straight to the decided though not abrupt basal deflection. 

 Nostril exposed, broadly oval, with rather broad superior membrane. 

 Rictal bristles distinct, but not conspicuous. Wing rather long (nearly 

 to more than four times as long as tarsus), rather pointed (eighth or 

 seventh primary longest, ninth not shorter than fifth, sometimes equal 

 to seventh); primaries exceeding secondaries by nearly to much more 

 than length of exposed culmen. Tail shorter than wing h\ about two- 



' Three specimens. ^ "Von ?'////, halb uud ^pavnid, nom. prop." 



