238 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATION A.L MUSEUM. 



Quiscolus m/yor ViEiLLOT, Nouv. Diet. (l'Hi8t. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 487, part (Loui- 

 siana; includes M. m. macrom-us) ; Enc. Meth., ii, 1823, 900. — Bonaparte, Am. 

 Orn., iv, 1825, 35, pi. 4; Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 28.— Nuttall, Man. 

 Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 192.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 504; v, 

 1838, 480, pi. 187; Synopsis, 1839, 146; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 52, pi. 

 220.— Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R.Surv., ix, 1858, 555; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, 

 no. 420; (?) Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, 20 (Browns- 

 ville, Texas). — Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 141, part ("North America"); 

 Ibis, 1884, 155 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 395.— Dresser, 

 Ibis, 1865, 494 (Houston and Galveston, Texas, May, June). — Cassin, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 409 (monogr.).— Coues, Proc. Bost. 8oc. N. H., 

 xii, 1868, 117 (South Carolina); 1871, 25 (Fort Macon, North Carolina; habits, 

 descr. nest and eggs, etc.); Ibis, 1870, 367 (Fort Macon, Nortli Carolina; 

 biography); Check List, 1873, no. 224; 2d ed., 1882, no. 334; Birds N. W., 

 1874, 204, part (synonymy). — Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 

 295 (e. Florida; measurements, etc.). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 

 Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 222, pi. 36, figs. 3, 4.— Purdie, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 

 Club, ii, 1877, 13 (references, etc., toalleged New England occurrences cited). — 

 Maynard, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 151. — Ridgwav, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 

 1881, no. 277.— Nehrling, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 168 (coasts, e. 

 Texas, breeding); Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 303. — American Orni- 

 thologists' Union, Check List, 1886, no. 513.— Smith (H. M.) , Auk, iv, 1887, 

 346 (breeding on Cobb's and other islands near Cape Charles, Virginia). — 

 Cooke, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 177 (coast Louisiana and Texas). — Chap- 

 man, Auk, V, 1888, 273 (Gainesville, Florida).— Scott, Auk, vi, 1889, 321 

 (Tarpon Springs, Punta Rassa, and Key West, Florida). — Mortimer, Auk, 

 vii, 1890, 341 (Orange Co., Florida; food). — Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1895, 506, pi. 7, figs. 30, 31 (eggs). — Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. 

 for 1897-'99 (1900), 106 (s. Louisiana, resident). 



Qlxmcalun} major Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 424. — Coues, Key N. Am. 

 Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 412.— Ridgwav, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 381. 



\^Quiscnlui(\ major Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160. 



[QuiscaluK major'l var. major Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 

 ii, 1874, 214. 



[Quiscalus major] a. major Coues, Birds N. W., 1874, 204 (synonymy). 



Chlalcophanen} major Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 196. 



Scaphidurus major major Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152. 



QuiscaZws cor?)inMS SwAiNSON, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 300 (North America). 



Quiscalus palustris (not of Cassin) Ridgwav, Proc. U. S. Nat. ]\Ius., iii, 1880, 218, 

 part (Louisiana); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 276, part. 



MEGAQUISCALUS MAJOR MACROURUS (Swainson). 

 GREAT -TAILED GRACKLE. 



Similar to J£ m. major, but larger, with the tail proportionately longer 

 (in adult male, averaging much longer than wing instead of decidedly 

 shorter) ; ad/ult male with the violet gloss of anterior portions extend- 

 ing farther backward, especially on under parts, where covering the 

 breast and anterior portion of sides; adult female decidedly darker 

 both above and below, the under parts of the body grayish brown 

 (deep hair })rown) instead of bufi'y brown (wood brown or Isabella 

 color), only the chin and throat being tinged with or inclining to buii'y. 



