BIEDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 219 



1888, 174 (New Orleans).— Scott, Auk, vi, 1889, 321 (Tarpon Springs, Punta 



Rassa, upi:)er Caloosahatchie R., and Key West, s. Florida, breeding). — 



Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iv, 1892, 5 (descr.; crit.). — Wayne, Auk, 



xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa R., n. w. Florida, breeding.) — Bendire, Life Hist. 



N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 500, pi. 7, figs. 24, 25.— Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat., 



for 1897-'99 (1900), 106 (Louisiana, lireeding). 

 Q[uiscalus'] quiscula aglinis Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 380. 

 (?) Quiscalus qniscula (not Gracula quiscula Linnjeus?) Cooke, Bird Migr. Miss. 



Val., 1888, 174 (West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, breeding). — Beyer, 



Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-'99 (1900), 106 (breeding in Baton Rouge 



and St. Tammany Parishes, Louisiana). 

 Qluiscalus'} plurpureusl aglsens Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 414. 

 Quiscalus versicolor aglseus Sclater, Ibis, 5th ser., ii, 1884, 154 (monogr. ); Cat. 



Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 394, in text. 

 Quiscalus purpureus (not of Woodhouse, 1853) Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 



1871, 291, excl. syn. part (e. Florida; crit.). — (?) Langdon, Journ. Cine. 



Soc. N. A., 188], 150 (West Baton Rouge, Louisiana, breeding). — Maynard, 



Birds E. N. Am. 1881, 148, part. 



QUISCALUS QUISCULA ^ENEUS Ridgway. 

 BRONZED GRACKLE. 



Differing from both Q. q. quiscala and Q. q. aglceus in the perfectly 

 uniform bronze color of the entire bodj' (except chest), and wholly 

 unbarred bronze or purplish Ijronze wing-coverts; about the size of 

 the former. 



Adult male. — Head, neck, and chest varying in color from greenish 

 blue to purple, the neck and chest sometimes brassy green; rest of the 

 plumage perfectly uniform bronze or brassy olive, becoming more 

 purplish on wings and tail; the lesser wing-coverts uniform brassy olive 

 or bronze, and neither these nor the middle coverts ever marked with 

 bars of other metallic tints; length (skins), 276.9-317.5 (297.7); wing, 

 136.7-153.2 (131.9); culmen, from base, 30.7-33.5 (32.3); depth of bill 

 at base, 12.7-11 (13); tarsus, 35.6-37.8 (36.8); middle toe, 21.1-26.9 

 (25.4).^ 



Adult female. — Similar to the male, l)ut decidedly smaller and much 

 duller in color; length (skins), 235-269.2 (254.8);" wing, 122.7-131.6 

 (126.5); tail, 105.7-113.3 (110.7); cidmen, from base, 28.7-31.2 (29.7); 

 depth of bill at base, 11.2-12.7 (11.9); tarsus, 31.5-34.8 (33.8); middle 

 toe, 22.6-23.9 (23.1).' 



Temperate North America east of Rocky Mountains, except Atlantic 

 coast district from shores of Long Island Sound southward and the Gulf 

 coast from Florida to Louisiana; breeding from Massachusetts,^ New 



' Ten specimens. 



''■ Eight specimens. 



* Many, if not all, specimens from the coast of Massachusetts are more or less inter- 

 mediate between this form and the true Q. quiscida, the breeding range of which 

 there adjoins that of Q. q. leneus. 



