BIEDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 247 



northern Michigan north to Ungara (Fort Chimoj, and northwest- 

 wardly to the Arctic coast and Alaskan shores of Bering* Sea; south 

 in winter to the Gulf coast (Florida to Texas); west, more or less 

 regularly, to western border of the Great Plains, casually to Lower 

 California (San Pedro Martir Mountains); accidental in Greenland. 



Tardus caroUnus Muller, Syst. Nat. SuppL, 1776, 140 (based on Mauris de la 

 Caroline Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 556, fig. 2,= female in autumn). 



Scolecophagus carolinus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, sig. 23, Sept. 2, 1885, 

 356; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 322. — American Ornithologists' Union, Cheek 

 List, 1886, no. 509.— Smith, Auk, iii, 1886, 284 (Denver, Colorado, Dec. 17) .— 

 Turner, Contr. Nat. Hist. Alaska, 1886, 168 (St. Michaels, Yukon R., 

 etc.). — Nelson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 169 (coast Bering Sea, 

 etc.).— TowNSEND, Cruise "Corwin" in 1885 (1887), 93 (Kotzebue Sound 

 and lower Kowak R., Alaska); Auk, iv, 1887, 12 (Kowak R. ). — Thorne, 

 Auk, iv, 1887, 264 (Fort Lyon, e. Colorado).— Cooke, Bird Migr. Miss. 

 Val., 1888, 172 (breeding from Manitoba northward, wintering from St. 

 Louis, Missouri, southward; dates of migr., etc.); Birds Colorado, 1897, 95 

 (Denver, 2 specs., Dec. 17, 1883; Loveland, 1 spec, Nov. 1889). — Thompson, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 581 (Manitoba, migrant).— Hagerup, Auk, 

 viii, 1891, 320 (Greenland).- Macfarlane, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 

 440 (Fort Anderson, Horton R., etc., breeding). — Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 

 408 (e. Kansas, Oct. to Mar.).— Coombs, Auk, ix, 1892, 205 (Bayou Teche, 

 Louisiana, abt. fall and spring). — Dwight, Auk, x, 1893, 10 (Prince Edward 

 I., breeding).— A'nthonv, Zoe, iv, 1893,239 (San Pedro Martir Mts., Lower 

 California, accidental). — Wayne, Auk, xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa R., n. w. 

 Florida, winter) . — Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 489, pi. 7, figs. 

 14-16.— Nehrling, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 298.— Knight, Bull. no. 

 3, Univ. Maine, 1897, 88 (breeding in n. counties and Magulloway district, 

 Maine).— Osgood, N. Am. Fauna, no. 21, 1901, 77 (Tyonek, Cook Inlet, 

 Alaska, Sept.; Ft. Kenai, Alaska, May, July). 



Slcolecophagus'] carolinus Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 379. 



Turdus brunneus Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 32, part (based on 3Iauvis, de 

 la Caroline Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 556, fig. 2). 



[Oriolus'] ferrugineus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 393 (based on Rusty Oriole Pen- 

 nant, Arctic Zool., ii, 260). — Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 176. 



Gracula ferrugineaWihsON, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 41, pi. 21, fig. 3. 



Quiscalus ferrugineus Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 55. — Nuttall, Man. 

 Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 129.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 325; v, 

 1839, 483, pi. 147; Synopsis, 1839, 146, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 

 65, pi. 222. 



Q[uiscalus] ferrugineus Maximiliai^, Journ. fiirOrn.,vi, 1858, 204 (descriptions; 

 food, etc.). 



Scolecophagus ferrugineus Svvainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 

 286. — Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 28. — Woodhouse, Rep. 

 Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuniand Col. R., 1853, 78, part (Indian Territory). — Baird, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 551; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 417.— 

 CouES, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 225 (coast Labrador, breeding); 

 Check List, 1873, no. 221; 2d ed., 1882, no. 331; Birds N. W., 1874, 198; 

 Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 605 (Souris R., etc.. North 

 Dakota, Sept.). — Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, 7 (Forks of Saskatchewan, breed- 

 ing) ; 1863, 82.— Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 140; Ibis, 1884, 150 (monogr. ), 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 390.— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 

 412 (monogr. ).— Da ll and Bannister, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci., i, 1869, 285 

 (Nulato, Fort Yukon, etc., Alaska, breeding). — Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. 



