BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 251 



3, 1893, 274 (lower Saskatchewan).— Anthony, Zee, iv, 1893, 239 (San Pedro 

 Martir Mts., Lower California, breeding); Auk, xii, 1895, 140 (San Fer- 

 nando, Lower California, breeding). — Bendire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 

 1895, 493, pi. 7, figs. 17-20 (eggs).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., x, 

 1898, 42 (Las Vigas, Vera Cruz, 8,000 ft.). 



Sc[olecopha gits'] cyanocephahis Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 195, footnote 

 (Mexico). 



S[colecophagus'] cyanoceplialus Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 411. — 

 RiDGWAY, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 379. 



{Scolecophagus] cyanocephahis Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160. — Sclater 

 and Salvin, Nom. A v. Neotr., 1873, 38. 



Scoleophagus cyanoceplialus Beyer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 105 

 (Louisiana in winter). 



Scolecophagus mexicanus SyfAXtisoti, Anim. inMenag., 1838,302 (Mexico). — Baird, 

 inStansbury'sRep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 331 (Fort Union; California). — New- 

 berry, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., vi, 1857, 86 (California; Oregon; Fort Van- 

 couver, Washington). 



Sc\_olecophagus'] mexicanus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 423 (w. Mexico; N. 

 Am.) 



Quiscalus mexicanus Heermann, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., ser. 2, ii, 1852, 268 

 (California). 



Quiscalus breiveri Audubon, Birds Am., oct. ed., vii, 1843, 345, pi. 492 ("upper 

 Missouri River and Yellowstone"). 



Scolecophagus ferrugineus (not Oriolus ferrugineus Gmelin) Audubon, Synopsis, 

 1839, 146, part (Columbia R. ). — Gambel, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, 

 i, 1847, 47.— Woodhouse, Rep. Sitgreaves' Expl. Zuni and Col. R., 1853, 78, 

 part (Texas; New Mexico; Cahfornia). — Holden, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 XV, 1872, 203 (Sherman, Wyoming, breeding). 



Scoleophagus ferrugineus Gambel, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1847, 203 (New 

 Mexico; California). 



Quiscalus pur pur eus (not of Woodhouse) Newberry, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., 

 X, pt. vi, 1859, 86 (San Francisco, California). 



Scolecophagus carolinus (not Turdus carolinus Miiller) Seton, Auk, iii, 1886, 

 322 (Big Plain and Winnipeg, Manitoba, breeding). 



Genus PTILOXENA Chapman. 



Ptiloxena Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., iv, no. 1, Dec, 1892, 307. (Type, 

 Quiscalus atroviolaceus D'Orbigny.) 



Medium-sized semi-terrestrial leteridte with bill shorter than head, 

 decidedly curved above, about half as deep at the base as length of 

 culmen; nostrils small, narrow, obliquely vertical, above lateral 

 median line of maxilla; wing moderate with tip subtruncate; tail 

 about four-fifths as long as wing, not plicate, rounded, with rectrices 

 broad and rounded at ends; middle toe, with claw, slightly shorter 

 than tarsus, and claws of lateral toes falling short of base of middle 

 claw; structure of feathers of anterior contour feathers (especially on 

 chest) peculiar, the barbicels on terminal two-thirds fasciculate and 

 adherent to the barb; coloration uniform black, slightly glossed (sexes 

 alike). 



Bill shorter than head, conical, but with upper outline decidedly 



