BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



371 



Young, first fall and in inter. — Similar to (and not with certainty 

 distinguishable from?) the adult female. 



Young., first phnnage. — Similar to the adult female, but "entire 

 plumage, particularl}^ below, of a more buffy color; there is a necklace 

 of faint dusky spots across the breast, and the ilank streaks are almost 

 indistinguishable."^ 



Adult male.— Length, (skins), 160-1S8 (169.2); wing, 98.7-101.6 

 (97.5); tail, 62.7-68.6(65.3); culmen, from base, 14.7-17.5(15.5); depth 

 of bill at base, 10.4-11.7 (10.9); tarsus, 26.4-28.5 (27.4); middle toe, 

 20.3-22.4(21.8).- 



Adult femah'.—ljcngth. (skins). 152.4-166.4 (158); wing, 85.1-89.7 

 (87.4); tail, 58.7-64.5 (61); culmen, from base, 14. .5-15. 5 (15); depth 

 of bill at base, 9.7-10.7 (10.2); tarsus, 24.9-27.2 (25.9); middle toe, 

 18.5-21.1(20.1).-' 



Eastern and central temperate North America; breeding from Penn- 

 sylvania, northwestern West Virginia (Fairview), central Ohio, central 

 Indiana (south to Vigo, Tippecanoe, Clinton, Marion, Madison, Dela- 

 ware, Wayne, and Union counties), northern Illinois, southern Iowa 

 (Decatur and Mahaska counties), South Dakota, and Utah, northward 

 to provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Assiniboia, and British 

 Columbia (both sides of Cascade range), to about 40^ on the Atlantic 

 coast and 52° in the interior; west to Utah (Salt Lake and Utah val- 

 leys), northeastern Nevada (Ruby Valley), Idaho (St. Joseph River), 

 and southeastern British Cohimliia (Chilli wack); during migration 

 southward through West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Vieque, 

 Sombrero, Barbados, Grenada), and the Atlantic coast of Central 

 America (from Yucatan southward) to South America, as far as Para- 

 guay, southern Brazil, Bolivia, etc. ; also to the Galapagos Archipelago 

 (James, Charles, and Chatham islands), and the Bermudas. 



\^Frbigilla'\ oryzivora Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 179 (based on Avis 

 arundinacesc 'Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., 1758, pi. 291, smaller fig. ) . 



'Chapman, The Aiik, vi, 1890, 121. I have not been able to examine a specimen 

 of the yonng in first plumage. 

 ■■'Twenty specimens?. 

 ^ Plight specimens. 

 Eastern and western specimens compare in average measurements as follows: 



