BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



393 



(43.7); exposed culmen, 11.7-14.7(13.2); tarsus, 1.5.2-17.5 (16..5); mid- 

 dle toe, 9.7-12.2 (10.7).' 



Eastern tropical South America, from southern Brazil, and Bolivia 

 to Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia; Chiriqui?'^ 



?? IMoiacilla] cayana^ Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 336 (based on Blue 

 Manakin EdM'ards, Nat. Hist. Birds, pi. 263, lower fig.; Sylvia cayanensis 

 cxrulen Brisson, Orn., iii, 534, pi. 28, fig. 1). — Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 

 1788, 990. 



D[acms] caynnus D'Orbigny and Lafresnaye, Mag. de Zool., 18.39 (Synop. Av., 

 p. 20) (Yuracares, prov. Chiquitos, Bolivia). 



Dlacnis] cayana Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 95 (Cayenne). 



[Dacnis] cayana Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 400. — Sclater and Salvin, 

 Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16. 



Dacnis cayana Strickland, Contr. Orn., 1851, 15 (crit. ; synonymy). — Sclater, 

 Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1851, 106 (monogr.) ; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, 

 110 (Pallatanga, e. Ecuador), 252 (Trinidad; Guiana; Cayenne; Brazil; 

 e. Peru; Bolivia); 1855, 137 (Bogota, Colombia); 1857, 263 (Ega, upper 

 Amazons); 1858, 452 (Gualaquiza, e. Ecuador); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 50 

 (Bogota, Colombia; Trinidad; Cayenne); Ibis, 1863, 313 (monogr.); Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Mus., viii, 1886, 19, part (Volcan de Chiriqui and Bugaba, Chir- 

 iqui; South American localities).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 

 268 (monogr.). — Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 81 (Trinidad). — Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 179 (Rio Ucayali, e. Peru); 1867, 570 (Pard, 



' Nine specimens. 



The specimens measured average as follows, according to locality: 



The South American birds will probably require subdivision into two or more 

 geographic subspecies. Specimens from Colombia are, as a rule, more decidedly 

 blue than those from other parts of South America, especially those from southern 

 Brazil, which, besides being larger, are decidedly greenish and have the black duller, 

 especially that on the throat. (See Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., iii, 1891, p. 

 347, where average measurements of 20 adult males from Chapada, Matto Grosso, are 

 given as follows: Wing, 68.8; tail, 45.5; exposed culmen, 13.) 



^ Although Chiriqui examples have, at least generally, the light blue color of true 

 D. cayana, I am exceedingly doubtful whether they should be referred to that form. 

 Lack of adequate material, however, prevents me from reaching a satisfactory con- 

 clusion in the matter. 



'See Berlep.sch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1873, 235. 



