456 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



greater coverts usually more or less hroadly tipped with white, form- 

 ing two hands; ^ secondaries and primaries dusky edged with gra}', 

 their inner webs broadly edged with white; tail gray, the three outer- 

 most rectrices with inner webs extensively white, the fourth, some- 

 times even the fifth, occasionally showing a terminal white spot; lower 

 half of lores and a pointed postocular streak l)lack; sides of head below 

 this black streak, with entire lower parts (except under tail-coverts), 

 clear lemon-yellow,'^ the sides and fianks slightly tinged with olive- 

 green; under tail-coverts and under wing-coverts white; l)ill black in 

 summer, brownish, with paler mandible, in winter; iris brown; legs 

 and feet horn brownish in dried skins; length (skins), 101.6-115.6 

 (108.2); wing, 57.7-63.2 (60.2); tail, 43.4-48.3 (46); exposed culmen, 

 10.4-11.4 (10.7); tarsus, 17-18 (17.3).' 



Adult female. — Similar to the male but duller in color; olive-green 

 of upper parts covering crown, sometimes the forehead also; loral and 

 postocular mark dusky grayish instead of black; gray of wing-coverts 

 and tertials usually tinged with olive-green; white wing-bars averag- 

 ing much less distinct; yellow of under parts less bright and pure; 

 length (skins), 109.2-112.5 (111.2); wing, 56.1-59.2 (57.7); tail, 45-46.5 

 (45.7); exposed cuhnen, 10.4-11.4 (10.9); tarsus, 16.8-18.3 (17.3).* 



Eastern United States, breeding northward to southern Connecticut 

 (New Haven; Say brook; Portland), southeastern New York (lower 

 Hudson Valley), Pennsylvania (Chester and Delaware counties), north- 

 ern Ohio (Wayne and Warren counties), northern Indiana (Carroll and 

 Wabash counties), northern Illinois, southern Iowa (Decatur and 

 Mahaska counties), eastern Nel)raska (near Omaha), etc.: occasional 

 straggler to Massachusetts (Dedham; West lioxbury; near Boston), 

 Michigan (Mackinac Island), and Minnesota (Fillmore C/Ounty; near 

 Mimieapolis); southward in winter through east(M-n Mexico (including 

 Yucatan) to Guatemala (Choctum; Teleman), Nicaragua ((Ireytown 

 and Rio Escondido), and Colombia (Chirua, province of Santa Marta). 

 (No Central American records except (Tuatemala and Nicaragua, nor 

 West Indian records except Al)aco Island, Bahamas.) 



\_Cert}d(i] ]>inut> Linn^us, Syst. Nut., ed. 12, i, 1766, 187 (based essential!}' on 

 Pine Creeper, Certhia pinus Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., vi, i;]9, \t]. 277,- 

 upper %.). — Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 470. 



[Sylvia'] pinus Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 537. 



' Tlie extent of these white wing-markings varies greatly. Sometimes they are 

 continent, forming a large patch, as in Jf. clni/wpieni (in which the color is yellow 

 instead of white, however); again they may be so nearly obsolete that only a few of 

 the greater coverts have indistinct white tips; occasionally the color is distinctly 

 yellow instead of white. (See footnote on p. 452.) 



^Sorne specimens, tending toward //. leucubrondtialis, show white patches of greater 

 or less extent on the under parts, usually on the throat. 



' Ten specimens. 



^Four spe(!imens. 



